Treatment-Intervention Flashcards
Reciprocal inhibition
Two incompatible responses can’t be experienced at hte same time, but the stronger response will inhibit the other. Weaken maladaptive conditioned response (fear of whales) by strengthening incompatible response (relaxation).
Ex: Fear will inhibit pleasure.
Systematic desensitization
Effective for PHOBIAS.
master relaxation –> anxiety hierarchy –> gradually expose from lowest to highest.
Assertiveness training
Practicing assertive responses, initially by role-playing, then to real-life situations. Gradual reductions in social anxiety.
Aversive conditioning
Pairing a bad behavior with something negative.
Flooding
Presenting the conditioned/feared stimulus w/o the unconditioned stimulus.
EX: Presenting a spider without a mother screaming; presenting a dog without getting bit.
Primary vs Secondary reinforcers
Primary: Reinforce everyone at all ages and cultures (food)
Secondary: Acquire their reinforcing value through training/experience (praise)
Shaping
Person reinforced every step taken toward achieving the target behavior.
Premack Principle
Using a high frequency behavior (something someone does without any coercion) to reinforce low frequency behavior (something a person doesn’t do often unless forced).
Grandma principle
Desert after broccoli.
Positive Punishment
Introducing an aversive stimulus after an undesirable behavior occurs. Rarely used in clincal work. Doesn’t really work.
Escape learning
Aversive stimuli emits but goes away when the desired behavior happens.
Shocking a mouse until it presses the lever.
Avoidance learning
Avoding the aversive stimuli by emitting the desired behavior in time.
Social learning theory
Modeling adaptive behaviors to replace maladaptive ones.
Symbolic modeling
Observing a film in which a model enjoys progressively more intimate interaction with a feared object or anxiety-producing setting.
In-vivo modeling
Having the person observe a live model engage in graduated interactions with a feared object/situation
Participant modeling
Live modeling plus contact with a model; model gradually guides the person in activities.
Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
first CBT approach. Approaches problems by convincing clients of their irrationality.
Beck’s CT
Similar to REBT, but different because it emphasizes collaborative empirical hypothesis testing to change beliefs.
Beck believed that cognitive distortions are gradually made.
Cognitive Behavior Modification
Self-instructional training and stress inoculation training.
Self-instruction therapy
Combines modeling and graduated practice with elements of REBT to help people with task completion.
involves: repetition, graded practice, and cognitive restructuring.
Stress inoculation training (SIT)
Guidelines for treating stressed individuals and PTSD. Main idea is bolstering a client’s set of coping skills to milder stressors.
Rehm self-control model of depression
Posits that reinforcement can be self-generated rather than derived from external sources; views depression as a result of negative self-evaluations, lack of self-reinforcement, and high rates of self-punishments.
Marlatt’s Relapse Prevention
View’s addiction as a learned behavior, and attempts to minimize effects of relapses by teaching recovering addicts to view relapses as inevitable experiences. Removes the idea of relapse === failure.
Includes identifying triggers and developing skills to deal with triggers.
DBT
For BPD. Acceptance on the one hand and change on the other. Behavioral mostly.
Classic Psychoanalysis
Freud posited that behavior is determined by irrational forces, conscious motivations, biological and instinctual drives, and psychosexual events. YIKES.
