Travel related infection

Question 1

Name some common climate/environment related health problems.

Answer 1

Sunburn
Heat exhaustion/stroke
Fungal/bacterial infection
Cold injury
Altitude sickness

Question 2

What public health measures help to control infection?

Answer 2

Sanitation
Immunisation
Education

Question 3

Name some common infections resulting from poor sanitation.

Answer 3

Diarrhoea
Typhoid
Hep A or E
Giardiasis
Viral GE
Shigella dysentery
Cholera

Question 4

Name some common infections resulting from poor immunisation.

Answer 4

Poliomyelitis

Diptheria

Question 5

What are some common infections resulting from a failure in education?

Answer 5

HIV

STI’s

Question 6

Which infections are transmitted by mosquitoes?

Answer 6

Malaria
Dengue fever
Filariasis

Question 7

What infection is transmitted by sand flies?

Answer 7

Leishmaniasis

Question 8

What kind of mosquito usually transmits malaria?

Answer 8

Female anopheles

Question 9

Which species of malaria is potentially severe?

Answer 9

Plasmodium falciparum

Question 10

Which species of malaria are considered benign?

Answer 10

Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium knowlesi

Question 11

What are some symptoms of malaria?

Answer 11

Fever
Rigors
Aching bones
Abdo pain
Headache
Dysuria
Sore throat 
Cough

Question 12

What are some signs of malaria?

Answer 12

Could be none
Splenomegaly
Hepatomegaly
Mild jaundice

Question 13

What are some complications of malaria?

Answer 13

Encephalopathy
Blackwater fever
Pulmonary oedema
Jaundice
Severe anaemia
Algid malaria

Question 14

How is malaria diagnosed?

Answer 14

Thick and thin blood films
Quantitative buffy coat (QBC)
Rapid antigen tests (OptiMal)

Question 15

Name some treatment options for uncomplicated p. falciparum malaria?

Answer 15

Riamet
Euratesim
Malarone
Quinine plus oral Doxycycline

Question 16

What are some treatment options for complicated or severe p. falciparum malaria?

Answer 16

IV artesunate

IV quinine plus oral doxycycline

Question 17

What are some treatment options for benign malaria conditions?

Answer 17

Chloroquine
Riamet
Add primaquine in vivax or ovale

Question 18

Which pathogens commonly cause typhoid fever?

Answer 18

Salmonella typhi

Salmonella paratyphi

Question 19

How is typhoid primarily spread?

Answer 19

Poor sanitation

Unclean drinking water

Question 20

What are some symptoms of typhoid?

Answer 20

Fever
Headache
Abdo discomfort
Constipation
Dry cough
Bradycardia
Neutrophilia
Confusion Intestinal bleeding in 3rd week

Question 21

How is typhoid fever diagnosed?

Answer 21

Culture blood, urine and stool

Culture bone marrow

Question 22

How is typhoid fever treated?

Answer 22

Oral azithromycin

IV Cetriaxone

Question 23

What transmits dengue fever?

Answer 23

Aedes aegypti

Question 24

What is the classical presentation of dengue fever?

Answer 24

Sudden fever
Sever headache
Sever myalgia/arthralgia
Macular rash
Petechiae

Question 25

What is the clinical diagnosis of dengue fever?

Answer 25

Thrombocytopenia
Leucopenia
Elevated transminases

Question 26

What is the lab diagnosis of dengue fever?

Answer 26

PCR

Serology

Question 27

How is schistosomiasis spread?

Answer 27

Fresh water

Fresh water snails

Question 28

How is schistosomiasis diagnosed?

Answer 28

Clinical
Antibody tests
Ova in stool and urine
Rectal snip

Question 29

How is schistosomiasis treated?

Answer 29

Praziquantel

Prednisolone if severe

Question 30

Name some viral haemorrhagic fevers.

Answer 30

Ebola
Congo-crimea haemorrhagic fever
Lassa fever
Marburg fever

Question 31

What are the steps for treatment of travel related infection?

Answer 31

Isolation
Supportive measures
Empirical treatment (antimicrobial therapy)
Specific treatment