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Infection > Skin and soft tissue > Flashcards

Skin and soft tissue Flashcards

1
Q

How does impetigo present?

A

Superficial skin infection
Multiple vesicular lesions on an erythematous base
Golden crust is highly suggestive of impetigo diagnosis

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2
Q

What organism causes impetigo?

A

Most commonly staph aureus

Less commonly strep pyogenes

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3
Q

What are some pre-disposing factors for impetigo?

A 
Skin abrasions
Minor trauma
Burns
Poor hygiene
Insect bites
Eczema
Atopic dermatitis
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4
Q

How are small areas of impetigo treated?

A

Topical antibiotics

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5
Q

How are large areas of impetigo treated?

A

Topical treatment and oral antibiotics (flucloxacilin)

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6
Q

What is erysipelas?

A

Infection of upper dermis

Painful red area with no central clearing

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7
Q

How does erysipelas present?

A 
Painful red area
Fever
Lymphadenopathy
Lymphangitis
Typically has distinct elevated borders
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8
Q

What organism causes erysipelas?

A

Most commonly strep pyogenes

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9
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

Diffuse skin infection involving deep dermis and subcutaneous fat

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10
Q

How does cellulitis present?

A

Spreading erythematous area with no distinct borders
Fever is common
Lymphadenopathy
Lymphangitis

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11
Q

What are some predisposing factors for cellulitis?

A

DM
Tinea pedis
Lymphoedema

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12
Q

What is folliculitis?

A

Circumscribed pustular infection of a hair follicle

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13
Q

How is folliculitis caused?

A

Typically staph aureus

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14
Q

What is a common name for furuncles?

A

Boils

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15
Q

What is the most common causative organism for furuncles?

A

Staph aureus

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16
Q

What are some risk factors for furuncles?

A 
Obesity
DM
Atopic dermatitis
Chronic kidney disease
Corticosteroid use
17
Q

What is a carbuncle?

A

When an infection extends to involve multiple furuncles

18
Q

Is necrotising fasciitis a medical emergency?

A

Yes

19
Q

What are some predisposing conditions for necrotising fasciitis?

A 
DM
Surgery
Trauma
Peripheral vascular disease
Skin popping
20
Q

Describe the onset of necrotising fasciitis.

A 
Rapid
Erythema
Extensive oedema
Unremitting pain
Haemorrhagic bullae
Skin necrosis
21
Q

What are some systemic features of necrotising fasciitis?

A 
Fever
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Delirium
Multiorgan failure
22
Q

How is necrotising fasciitis managed?

A

Surgical review
Imaging may help but could delay treatment
Broad spectrum antibiotics (Flucloxacilin, gentamycin, clindamycin)

23
Q

What is pyomyolitis?

A

Purulent infection deep within striated muscle, often manifesting as an abscess

24
Q

How does pyomyositis present?

A

Fever
Pain
Woody induration of affected muscle

25
Q

How is pyomyositis managed?

A

CT/MRI

Drainage with antibiotic cover depending on gram stain and culture results

26
Q

What are bursae?

A

Small sac-like cavities that contain fluid and are lined by synovial membrane
Facilitate movement with reduced friction

27
Q

What is septic bursitis?

A

Infection of bursae often from adjacent skin infection

28
Q

What are some predisposing factors for septic bursitis?

A 
Rheumatoid arthritis
Alcoholism
DM
IV drug use
Immunosuppression
Renal insufficiency
29
Q

How does septic bursitis present?

A

Fever
Pain on movement
Swelling
Warmth

30
Q

What is infectious tenosynovitis?

A

Infection of the synovial sheaths that surround tendons

31
Q

How does infectious tenosynovitis present?

A

Erythematous fusiform swelling of finger
Held in semi-flexed position
Tender
Pain with extension

32
Q

What are the criteria for diagnosis of staphylococcal TSS?

A

Fever
Hypotension
Diffuse macular rash
Three of liver, blood, renal, GI, CNS or muscular involved
Isolation of staph aureus from mucosal or normally sterile sites
Production of TSST1 from isolate
Development of antibody to toxin during convalesence

33
Q

How is toxic shock syndrome treated?

A 
Remove offending agent
IV fluids
Inotropes
Antibiotics
IV immunoglobulins
34
Q

What is the usual progression of an IV-catheter associated infection?

A

Nosocomial infection
Starts as local SST inflammation
Progresses to cellulitis
Sometimes even tissue necrosis

35
Q

What is a common association of IV-catheter associated infection?

A

Bacteraemia

Infection (10 decks)

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