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Infection > Outbreak > Flashcards

Outbreak Flashcards

1
Q

Where may infections be acquired/spread?

A 
Hospitals
Care homes
GP surgery
Home
Travel
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2
Q

What is a healthcare associated infection?

A

It is an infection you might catch when getting healthcare in hospitals, care homes, doctors’ surgeries, health centres or receiving care at home

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3
Q

What are the most common kind of infections in hospitals?

A 
Urinary tract infections
Post-surgery infections
Skin infections
Sickness
Diarrhoea
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4
Q

Are all infections transmissable?

A

Yes

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5
Q

What is the most common HAI?

A

UTI

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6
Q

How are respiratory tract infections usually caused?

A

Intubation

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7
Q

How are most bloodstream infections caused?

A

Related to a Central Venous Catheter (CVC)

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8
Q

What is an outbreak of infection?

A

2 or more cases of an infection linked in time and place

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9
Q

What is the purpose of surveillance?

A

Detect and identify a possible outbreak at the earliest opportunity

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10
Q

Describe the chain of infection.

A 
Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
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11
Q

What are the 4 kinds of infectious agents?

A

Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Prion

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12
Q

What are some examples of a reservoir?

A 
Humans
Equipment
Environment
Food 
Animals
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13
Q

What are some possible portals of exit?

A

Blood and body fluids
Skin scales/wounds
Coughing and sneezing

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14
Q

Give some examples of a mode of transmission.

A

Direct or Indirect
Inhalation
Ingestion of contaminated food

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15
Q

What are some portals of entry?

A 
Skin/surgical wounds
Eyes or mouth
Respiratory tract
Intestinal tract
Tubes
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16
Q

What are some factors which may make a host susceptible?

A 
Underdeveloped immune system
Decreasing immune system
Drugs
Disease
Tubes
17
Q

What are the 5 moments for hand hygiene?

A 
Before touching a patient
Before aseptic procedures
After exposure to body fluids 
After touching a patient 
After touching a patient's surroundings
18
Q

What are some transmission base precautions (TBPs)?

A 
Contact
Gloves
Apron
Masks
Eye protection
19
Q

How can we break the chain of infection at the mode of transmission?

A 
Hand hygiene
PPE
Food safety
Cleaning, disinfection, sterilisation
Isolation
20
Q

How can we break the chain of infection at the reservoir?

A

Cleaning, disinfection, sterilisation
Infection prevention policies
Pest control

21
Q

How can we break the chain of infection at the portal of entry?

A 
Hand hygiene
PPE
Personal hygiene
First aid
Removal of catheters and tubes
22
Q

How can we break the chain of infection at the susceptible host?

A

Immunisation
Treatment of underlying disease
Health insurance
Patient education

23
Q

How can we break the chain of infection at the portal of exit?

A 
Hand hygiene
PPE
Control of aerosols and splatter
Respiratory etiquette
Waste disposal
24
Q

How can we break the chain of infection at the infectious agent?

A

Diagnosis and treatment

Antimicrobial stewardship

25
Q

What is a droplet?

A

Over 5 micrometers
Spread assumed to be about 1m
Drop to ground

26
Q

What is an aerosol?

A

Under 5 micrometers
More widespread
Remain suspended in the air

27
Q

What is cleaning?

A

Physical removal of organic material and decrease in microbial load

28
Q

What is disinfection?

A

Large reduction in microbe numbers

Spores may remain

29
Q

What is sterilisation?

A

Removal/destruction of ALL microbes and spores

30
Q

Is cleaning essential prior to disinfection and sterilisation?

A

Yes

31
Q

Should drying be considered an important part of the process of cleaning, disinfecting and sterilising?

A

Yes

32
Q

What are the 2 methods of disinfection?

A

Heat (Pasteurisation, boiling)

Chemical

33
Q

What are the 4 methods of sterilisation?

A

Steam under pressure (autoclave)
Hot air oven
Gas (ethylene dioxide)
Ionising radiation

Infection (10 decks)

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