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Infection > Fungal infections > Flashcards

Fungal infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main aspergillus fungal pathogen?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

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2
Q

What is the main candida fungal pathogen?

A

Candida Albicans

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3
Q

What is the main cryptococcus fungal pathogen?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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4
Q

Are fungal infections opportunistic?

A

Yes

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5
Q

What are some ways an immune system may be impaired?

A

HIV/AIDS
Malignancy
Premature neonates

Asthma
Cystic fibrosis
COPD

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6
Q

What are some fungal diseases brought on by pneumocystis spp.?

A 
Opthalmic pneumocystosis
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Hepatosplenic infiltrates
Renal pneumocystosis
Bone marrow infiltrates
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7
Q

What are some fungal diseases brought on by aspergillus spp.?

A 
Cerebral aspergillosis
Keratitis
Sinusitis
Allergic & invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Osteomyelitis
Cutaneous aspergillosis
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8
Q

What are some fungal diseases brought on by candida spp.?

A 
Cerebral abscess
Thrush
Oesophagitis
Candidaemia
Hepatic abscess
Renal abscess
Urinary candidasis
Vulvovaginal candidiasis
Osteomyelitis
Cutaneous candidiasis
Onychomycosis
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9
Q

What are some fungal diseases brought on by cryptococcus spp.?

A 
Meningitis
Cerebral abscess
Endophthalmitis
Pulmonary infiltrates
Endocarditis
Cryptoccemia
Renal abscess
Subcutaneous abscess
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10
Q

What are some presenting factors in primary immunodeficiency disorders?

A

Neutropenia

Low CD4+ T-cells

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11
Q

How is invasive candidiasis diagnosed?

A

Blood culture
Culture from normally sterile site
PCR

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12
Q

How is aspergillosis spread?

A

Inhalation

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13
Q

Describe the sequence of events in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

A 
Sporulation
Inhalation of airborne pathogen
Germination in absence of sufficient pulmonary defences
Neutropenia and immunosuppression
Tissue damage
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14
Q

What are some features of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis?

A

Pulmonary exacerbations
Not responding to antibiotics
Lung function decline
Positive sputum culture

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15
Q

What is pulmonary aspergilloma?

A

A fungal mass which grows in ling cavities

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16
Q

How is cryptococcosis transmitted?

A

Inhalation

17
Q

How does cryptococcosis spread?

A

Pulmonary infection from asymptomatic to pneumonia

Dissemination to brain (meningoencephalitis in HIV/AIDS)

18
Q

How may cryptococcosis present?

A 
Headache
Confusion
Altered behaviour
Visual disturbances
Coma due to raised ICP
19
Q

How is cryptococcal disease diagnosed?

A

CSF: Indian ink preparation

Blood culture

20
Q

What are some antifungal agents used to treat invasive fungal infections?

A

Amphotericin B
Azoles
Echinocandins
Flucytosine

21
Q

How do amphotericin B formulations work?

A

IV

Acting on ergosterol

22
Q

How do azoles work?

A

IV, Oral

Inhibiting ergosterol synthesis

23
Q

How do echinocandins work?

A

IV

Inhibiting glucan synthesis

24
Q

How do flucytosines work?

A

IV, Oral

Inhibiting fungal DNA synthesis

Infection (10 decks)

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