traumatic brain injury Flashcards
can a concussion be considered a tbi
yes its a mild tbi
what is a tbi
physical injury to brain tissue that temporarily or permanently impairs brain function
what is tbi caused by
external mechanical forces
what kind of forces can cause tbi and what pourcentages for each
- penetrating head injury (25% of tbi): direct blow to the head by blunt or penetrating object
- Closed head injury (75% of tbi): indirect forces such as inertia during a motor vehicle accident, where rapid mvt of the head causes back and forth mvt of the brain inside the skull (the injury comes from the brain rattling in the skull)
tbi are classified based on what
severity (mild, moderate, severe) and the MOI (closed or penetrating head injury)
depending on severity of the injury, tbi can affect numerous aspects such as (5)
physical capability (paralysis is possible), cognitive ability (concentration, memory, etc), emotional state (mood swings), social interactions (personality can change drastically) and behaviour
after tbi, there is an increased risk of what diseases (3)
increased risk of epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease
can the side of the lesion predict the type of impairments and disabilities following tbi
yes, speech is on the left side
Penetrating head injury definition
injury where brain tissue is damaged by an object such as a knife, a bullet, or bone fragments that has pierced the skull and dura mater
closed head injury definition
injury in which the skull and dura mater are not breached
Tbi damage can also be described as ___ and ___
- focal: injury confined to a specific area of the brain causing localized damage
- diffuse: injury is characterized by damage throughout the brain
causes of tbi
hematoma
hemorrhage
diffuse axonal injury
contusions
hematoma definition
Collection of blood outside of blood vessels. Bleeding can occur outside the brain (subdural) or within the brain tissue itself (intracerebral)
hemorrhage definiton
Bleeding directly into brain tissue
diffuse axonal injury definition
results from a tearing of nerve bundles and/or stretching of blood vessels (extreme shearing forces)