traumatic brain injury Flashcards

1
Q

can a concussion be considered a tbi

A

yes its a mild tbi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a tbi

A

physical injury to brain tissue that temporarily or permanently impairs brain function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is tbi caused by

A

external mechanical forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what kind of forces can cause tbi and what pourcentages for each

A
  • penetrating head injury (25% of tbi): direct blow to the head by blunt or penetrating object
  • Closed head injury (75% of tbi): indirect forces such as inertia during a motor vehicle accident, where rapid mvt of the head causes back and forth mvt of the brain inside the skull (the injury comes from the brain rattling in the skull)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tbi are classified based on what

A

severity (mild, moderate, severe) and the MOI (closed or penetrating head injury)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

depending on severity of the injury, tbi can affect numerous aspects such as (5)

A

physical capability (paralysis is possible), cognitive ability (concentration, memory, etc), emotional state (mood swings), social interactions (personality can change drastically) and behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

after tbi, there is an increased risk of what diseases (3)

A

increased risk of epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

can the side of the lesion predict the type of impairments and disabilities following tbi

A

yes, speech is on the left side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Penetrating head injury definition

A

injury where brain tissue is damaged by an object such as a knife, a bullet, or bone fragments that has pierced the skull and dura mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

closed head injury definition

A

injury in which the skull and dura mater are not breached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tbi damage can also be described as ___ and ___

A
  • focal: injury confined to a specific area of the brain causing localized damage
  • diffuse: injury is characterized by damage throughout the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

causes of tbi

A

hematoma
hemorrhage
diffuse axonal injury
contusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hematoma definition

A

Collection of blood outside of blood vessels. Bleeding can occur outside the brain (subdural) or within the brain tissue itself (intracerebral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hemorrhage definiton

A

Bleeding directly into brain tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

diffuse axonal injury definition

A

results from a tearing of nerve bundles and/or stretching of blood vessels (extreme shearing forces)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

contusions definition

A

bruises that cause swelling and bleeding resulting in tissue damage

17
Q

what happens during a TBI

A
  • n. fibers within specific areas of the brain are severed

- n. fibers are stretched which results in inefficient and slowed functioning

18
Q

diff btw coup and contre-coup

A

coup: brain injury at the point of impact (primary impact)

contre-coup: brain injury is opposite to the point of impact (secondary impact)

19
Q

what are the 2 different types of coup-contre coup

A

head makes contact with the object

object makes contact with the head

20
Q

what can an injury to the occipital lobe may lead to what

A

loss of vision

21
Q

Hemineglect syndrome (R parietal lobe damage) what does it do

A

L side of world doesn’t exist for that person

A neglect patient may ignore people who approach from the left, leave food untouched on the left side of the plate, or even forget to put clothes on the left side of his body. If the symptoms extend to visual tasks, and the patient is asked to draw a picture, for example, everything on the left side of the drawing is ignored.

22
Q

Degrees of severity

A
  • confusion
  • coma
  • cerebral death
23
Q

confusion definition

A
  1. confusion (a clouding of consciousness):
    - thinking process is decreased
    - inattention, disorientation
    - speech is affected
24
Q

coma definition

A

Coma(cannot be aroused by strong sensory stimuli):

  • can affect IQ
  • decreased metabolic activity of the brain (not like sleep)
  • lead to amnesia
25
Q

cerebral death definition

A
Cerebral death(the body is alive but not the brain):
-the brain is no longer able to regulate body function
26
Q

types of tbi symptoms

A
medical
physical
senses
thoughts and communication
behaviour and personality
27
Q

tbi symptoms medical (5)

A

headaches, risk of seizures, changes in appetite, fatigue-both mental and physical

28
Q

tbi symptoms physical (4)

A

balance issue, lack of coordination, muscle weakness or paralysis, muscle rigidity/spasticity

29
Q

tbi symptoms senses (5)

A

over-sensitivity, vision problems, sensitivity to noise, changes to sense of smell and taste, single-sided neglect

30
Q

tbi symptoms thoughts and communication (2)

A

can affect organization of thoughts or ability to find words and communicate clearly

31
Q

tbi symptoms behaviour and personality (8)

A

irritability or mood swings, depression, anxiety, agitation, impaired judgment, lack of insight or awareness of problems, trouble sleeping

32
Q

what is the difference btw effects of tbi and stroke on body functions

A

brain damage after tbi is more widespread than stroke

33
Q

can you exercise after a tbi

A

yes

34
Q

can the recovery process occur for more than 2 years post tbi

A

yes

35
Q

is there a relation btw length of coma and level of motor severity?

A

yes

36
Q

recovery of motor function following tbi

A

1- recovery process more than 2 years

2. the longer the coma=the greater the motor severity