aging and frailty Flashcards
at what age is someone considered a senior
65 and +
what age is the oldest female soccer player from south africa
84
canada now has more ___ than ___ (children, seniors)
seniors than children
__ in __ canadians is at least ___ yo
1 in 6 65 yo
on july 1st 2015: total of ____ canadians = __% of the population
5,780,900 = 16%
if current population trends continue, what is estimated about the number of seniors vs the number of children
seniors will outnumber children by a factor of 3:2 in 20 years time
what is the median age of the canadian population and what would be called this phenomen
40, the canadian population is aging
in 1921 and in 2041 what percentage of the population was and will be over 65 yo
1921 : 5%
2041: 22%
what is the rank for the most common conditions found in seniors
arthritis, high BP, allergies, back problems, heart disease, cataracts, diabetes
what is the trend btw population with a chronic condition by age
as the age group gets older, the more people have a chronic condition (disease or disability)
is it possible for older adults to have more than one condition, if yes, give one example of two conditions that go hand in hand
yes; stroke and high bp
do the KCEP internships have adapted programs for all the conditions that older people get
no they aren’t adapted for allergy conditions
at what age is found frailty and in what type of people
in elderly adults above 65 yo
what is frailty
acceleration in physical and cognitive decline due to aging
diagnosis of frailty is based on what elements and what population is often presented with all of those
m. weakness decrease in p.a decrease in walking speed physical exhaustion unintentional weight loss
seniors
what is the holistic definition of frailty
^ vulnerability to internal and external stressors (due to decrease in physiological reserves)
what does allostatic load refer to in term of stress on the body
allostatic load refers to the long-term effects of continued exposure to chronic stress on the body (the wear and tear on the body)
can frailty be prevented? if yes, how?
yes its preventable by:
exercise, socialization and nutrition
what is sarcopenia
age related loss of skeletal m. mass associated with ^ physiological & functional vulnerability
what is osteopenia
age-related loss of b. mineral density associated with ^ risk for osteoporosis
what is a balance disorder and what can it be caused by
- disturbance that causes an individual to feel unsteady, or have a sensation of movement (ex: spinning) when standing up or lying down
- can be caused by certain health conditions (ex: high BP), meds, or a problem in the inner ear or the brain
what is a nutritional problem for frailty and why does it occur
- elderly sometimes lose their appetites, and do not eat correctly
- they may not feel like eating or are simply lonely. They may not have the energy or are on limited budgets
what’s the difference on a tomographic scan of the mid thigh for an average healthy adult and a m. after sarcopenia
fatty tissue layer become way bigger and the muscle layer becomes much thinner
cardiovascular system changes associated with aging
VO2 peak decreases with age and sedentarity
- decrease in VO2 peak and HRmax
- ^ resting and exercise BP
musculoskeletal system changes associated with aging
m. strength decrease after 65 yo and more for women than men
- decrease in m. strength, flexibility, balance and m. mass
nervous system changes associated with aging
decrease in n. conduction bc of neuronal degeneration
- ^ time of reaction (decrease conduction speed)
- decrease in sensory system (touch, vision, proprioception and hearing)
metabolic system changes associated with aging
decreased metabolic rate = ^ risk for diabetes (type 2)
- decrease in metabolic rate and lean body mass
- ^ body fat
what variable has shown the greatest correlation with risk of falls in older adults and what is in second place
^ time of reaction, decrease in m. strenght
what factor can WE improve in relation to sarcopenia and frailty
with the lifestyle: low physical activity level (resistance training for example)
what is the trend for m. mass, strength and disability in different individuals
early life, growth and development to maximize peak (young people)
adult life maintaining peak
older life, minimizing loss
what is the disability threshold
a point in the curve that you reach when you can no longer live independently
which training mode can decrease the risk of reaching the disability threshold
strength training
what are the postural changes associated with frail older adults
forward head position
rounded shoulders
kyphosis (rounded back)
knee flexion
can the progressive postural changes in older frail adults be reversed
can be reversed at early stages but at the last stages can only be slowed down
gait changes in older adults (what increases and what decreases)
increase in:
- stance phase (time)
decrease in:
- velocity (speed)
- step length
- step rate (cadence)
- swing phase (time)
- hip, knee and ankle flexion
- power generation at push-off (plantar flexors are weaker)
exercise recommendation for frail seniors: goals for aerobic mode
^ functional capacity and independence
exercise recommendation for frail seniors: goals and recommendations for strength mode
goal: prevent or reverse frailty
recommendations: start program w/o weight: and add weight slowly
exercise recommendation for frail seniors: goals for flexibility mode
prevent injury (ex: frozen shoulder)
exercise recommendation for frail seniors: goals for neuromuscular mode
prevent falls
