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kcep final > spinal cord injury > Flashcards

spinal cord injury Flashcards

1
Q

SCI can be what type of two others injuries

A

quadriplegia and paraplegia

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2
Q

SCI are acquired by what

A

trauma

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3
Q

what are the causes of SCI and what pourcentages are each of those causes

A

48% motor vehicles
21% falls ( increase in construction workers and seniors)
14% violence (gunshot)
14% sport injuries (recreational & competitive sports)
3% others

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4
Q

what is the number 1 sport to cause sci

A

diving (pool, lake)

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5
Q

in canada how many new cases of sci per year and how many canadians live with sci

A

1100 new cases per year and 44 000 canadians live with it

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6
Q

how much does lifetime health care cost per person w sci

A

1.6 to 3 million

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7
Q

why is there such a wide range of costs with sci

A

bc of severity (quadraplegia is more $$ than paraplegia) and age (services for longer)

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8
Q

about __ % are males and range in age btw __ and __

A

80%, btw 16 and 30 yo

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9
Q

why are males more prone to this at younger ages

A

bc males drive cars faster and are more reckless

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10
Q

Lesions can either be complete or incomplete with what ratio

A

50%-50% complete-incomplete

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11
Q

in the past were there more complete or incomplete lesions

A

complete

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12
Q

the decrease in % of complete lesion is due to … (3)

A

meds
car safety belt + airbags
paramedics (spinal immobilization)

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13
Q

sensory info

A

ascending pathways (dorsal tracts)

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14
Q

cutaneous info+ proprioception = ___

A

somatosensory system

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15
Q

are sensations intact above the lesion

A

yes

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16
Q

motor commands

A

descending pathways (ventral tracts)

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17
Q

can an individual with a spinal cord lesion at the lumbar level contract his arm muscles

A

yes to move arm m. you need cervical to move legs (no work), won’t reach level needed

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18
Q

severity of condition depends on

A

level of lesion

whether its complete or incomplete (injury can affect more than one vertebra)

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19
Q

quadriplegia characteristics (4)

involvement:
cause:
most common damage sites

A

involvement of all 4 limbs and trunk
cause: damage to cervical segments
C5-C6 most common bc of car accidents
C7: elbow extension, important for wc users bc of tricep innervation (propelling motion of the wc)

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20
Q

paraplegia characteristics (2)

A

involvement of lower limbs and/or trunk (trunk isnt always involved bc T1 to L5)
cause: damage to the thoracic or lumbar spine

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21
Q

paraplegia complete lesions by sections

A

T1 to T6 = no sitting balance
T7 to L1 = some useful sitting
L2 to lower = normal trunk control

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22
Q

why is lesions classification important for WC sports

A

for classification in those sports (better athlete if better trunk control)

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23
Q

Health concerns in sci

sensation lost

A

complete lesion = total loss (below lesion)
incomplete lesion = partial loss (below lesion)

  • lose some sensations but not others (hot vs cold… type of fibers)
  • vulnerable to injury (visual inspection after playing sports)
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24
Q

Health concerns in sci

contractures and injury prevention (spasticity)

A

shortening and tightening of muscles
- flexors in upper limbs
- extensors in lower limbs
stretching 2x /day (full ROM)

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25
Q

what can a dorsal hand splint treat

A

spasticity and contracture

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26
Q

what are the two types of spasticity

A

triple flexion and PF+ankle inv

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27
Q

Health concerns in sci (6)

A

sensation loss
contractures and injury prevention (spasticity)
lower limb atrophy
osteoporosis
weight management (more prone to hypokinetic disease)
ANS dysfunction during exercise

28
Q

lower limb atrophy, osteoporosis and weight management are very common in wc users bc of a decrease in …

A 
m. contraction (paralysis)
mechanical loading on bones
energy expenditure (what you eat vs what you burn during the day)
29
Q

ANS dysfunction during exercise will cause what

A

decrease heart beat, BP
sweat impairment
impairment of vasoconstrictor function=reduced blood to heart=reduced O2 to m. = early fatigue (narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels)

30
Q

ANS is part of the ns that regulates ___

A

involuntary function

31
Q

sympathetic system during exercise

A

increase HR, constricts blood vessels and increase in BP

32
Q

cardiac sympathetic fibers originate from …

A

T1 to T5

33
Q

any injuries from C1 to T5 is a dysfunction to what sys

A

ANS

34
Q

ANS dysfunction can be present in __ and ___

A

quadriplegics and high paraplegics (lesions at T5 and above)

35
Q

where does the ANS signal originate from

A

brain stem

36
Q

high intensity exercises (may or may not) be tolerated in persons with quad and high para because of ____

A

hypotension (impaired blood distribution)

37
Q

high intensity exercises may not be tolerated in persons w quad or high para: cause and symptoms

A

cause: sympathetic ns (ANS dysfunction)
symptoms: dizziness or nausea (feeling faint)

38
Q

special recommendations for exercise programming (SCI), percentage in each disease

A

decrease in cardiovascular capacity and endurance after SCI; decrease 50% in para and 75% in quad

39
Q

what happens to SCI people’s active m mass during exercise

A

decrease bc lower limb m.: 2/3 of our m. mass

quad: greater loss than para = greater loss of cardiovascular capacity

40
Q

what happens to ANS when dysfunction is present

A

decrease in drive from symp ns (HR cannot be raised over 110-120 bpm)

41
Q

cardiovascular training may include arm ergometer

A

arm ergometer:

  • suitable for use in home or in center
  • workload can be adjusted (like leg ergometer)
  • grip cuffs used for quadra
42
Q

cardiovascular training may include locomotor training

A

locomotor training with crutches or body weight support (overhead harness)

  • can increase m strength and bone mineral density
  • can prevent pressure sores ( by increase in blood circulation)
43
Q

cardiovascular training may include wc propulsion using rollers

A

rollers are to wc users what treadmills are to ambulatory runners

44
Q

to prevent upper extremity overuse syndromes in wc users (3)

A

vary exercises from week to week
strengthen m. of upper back and post shoulder (ext sh rotators)
stretch m of ant sh and chest

45
Q

to prevent contractures and injuries

A

stretching exercises for lower and upper extremities

46
Q

chest stretch (hand clasped behind back)

A

clasp hands behind your back
take a deep breath in
exhale and roll your sh back as you stick out your chest and hold (20-30s)
unclasp hands and relax

47
Q

shoulder retraction

A

take breath in
exhale and bring shoulders back as far as you can
squeezing sh blades inward

48
Q

triceps stretch

A 
take deep breath in
extend both arms above head
reach down center of back with one arm
exhale while pressing down slightly with opposite hand on elbow
repeat on opposite side
49
Q

seated chest stretch in door way

A

place arm bent at 90° in doorway
take deep breath in
exhale while turning head to opposite side looking over that sh
repeat w other arm looking over opposite sh

50
Q

what are some sport that have specific wc

A

tennis, basketball, rugby, racing and more

51
Q

common characteristics among sports chairs

A

no push handles
dont fold
wheel camber
anti-tipping support (all but racing chair)

52
Q

basketball wc & rugby wc

A 
fixed camber bars
rollerblade casters
anti-tipping support
spoked wheels + quick release
adjustable back and footplate height
53
Q

unique to rugby wc

A

front bumper and wings

54
Q

racing wc

A

2000 to 5000
camber of 11-15° (higher range is more stable)
tubular tires; integral tube and tire combined
hand ring mounted onto the rear wheel for propulsion
fenders provide protection for torso and arms from road debris and the rear wheel
steering; allows the athlete to maneuver the front wheel during sharp turns
frame: base of chair, usually made of aluminium
cage: seating area built according to body dimensions

55
Q

short propulsion thrusts in what activities

A

ADL, basketball, tennis, most sports except for racing

56
Q

short propulsion steps

A
  • athlete pushes forward and downwards while moving trunk forward
  • handrims are released and trunk returns to its upright position
57
Q

long duration circular propulsion thrust in what sports

A

track and marathon racing

58
Q

long duration circular propulsion thrust steps

A
  • athlete maintains hands in contact with the handrims through 3/4 of a circle applying force the entire time; grip on handrims is never released
  • flexed position at the trunk
  • sh extension provides the final propulsive thrust
59
Q

wc basketball rules

A 
5 players/team
net 10 feet
3 sec in key
dribble, shoot or pass after 2 pushes
no double dribble rule
raise butt off chair = technical foul
open to able-bodied (no major competitions)
60
Q

what is harder in wc basket vs normal

A

dribbling, throwing

61
Q

to be elligible to play wc basket an athlete must have …

A

a permanent physical disability in the lower limbs that prevents him or her from running, jumping and pivoting as an able-bodied player

62
Q

player classification is …

A

not based on medical diagnosis but on observed trunk mvt and stability during actual basketball competition

63
Q

players are assigned on a point value from…

A

1.5 thru 4.5 according to their level of physical function. these points are then added together with a team not permitted to exceed 14 pts for the five players on court at any given time. this ensures that any player, regardless of degree of disability, has an integral role to play within the team structure.

64
Q

wc basket is mainly played by players w ___. which condition comes second?

A

SCI

amputation

65
Q

adapted tennis rules

A 
individuals or pairs
ball may bounce once or twice, with the first bounce in the opponents court
scoring is the same
played by people with para and quadra
created in 1976 in usa
more than 6000 players worldwide
66
Q

adapted rugby

A

objective: score pts by carrying the ball to the opponent’s goal line (in wc)
very fast, contact team sport
played with volleyball
played with hands or forearms
must dribble or pass at least once every 10 s
goal scored when player touches the goal line w 2 wheels
there are a number or violations: charging, interference, etc.

kcep final (9 decks)

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