Arthritis Flashcards
What is the typical clientele for arthritis
Older adults
When does the risk of arthritis increase and why
With age and bc of osteoarthritis
Is there more report doctor-diagnosed arthritis w females or males
Females>males
Can kin and at plays a role in arthritis
Yes
When should people w arthritis do exercise
When symptoms are at their lowest (~10-11h am)
Is glucosamine better than taking a placebo pill
Doesnt hurt bu not proven to do anything concrete
What does arthritis stand for and what is it
Arthro: joints
Itis: inflammation
Its a group of conditions where there is damage to the jnts of the body
How many forms of arthritis are there and what are these conditions characterized by
More than 100 forms
Soreness, stiffness, and pain in jnts
Most common forms of arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
Main problems that are common in all forms
Decrease in jnt mobility
Presence of jnt pain
Prevalence of arthritis
4 millions canadians ( 1 in 7)
Most common cause of long term disability in canada
More than 600 000 canadians are classified as disabled bc of arthritis
What can’t most people w arthritis do
Cant work bc of decreased ADL but a lot are already retired so it doesnt matter
Why is the number of people w arthritis expected to go up
Bc of aging population
The largest increase is within what age range and why
65 or older bc of the aging of the baby boomer population
What are the impacts on daily life
Pain can prevent activities in people living w arthritis
Physical inactivity is slightly higher in people living w arthritis
Text about impacts on daily living
-most frequent cause of long term disability in the pop
Frequent pain that may prevent activities (41% of people compared to 16% with other chronic conditions and people w/o chronic conditions: 4%)
What is the proportion of canadians w arthritis that are inactive
58% and those w/o chronic conditions is 50% and those w chronic conditions is 43%
Arthritis is still number one but most are inactive
Arthritis hand involvement
Inflammation
Joint deformity (w time)
Painful
What can help for joint deformity
Stretching when symptoms are at their lowest
Meds can also help w inflammation
Rheumatoid arthritis what is it
Inflammation that occurs in the synovial membranes that cover a jnt capsule and spreads throughout the jnt
3x more common in females
Affects all ages w usual onset btw 20 and 50 y
Affects more than 1 jnt and usually symetrical
Most common in wrists hands knees feet and cervical spine
Periods of exacerbation and remission
Disease type of RA and what is the cause, meds
Systemis: the entire body is affected (fever, pallor, inflammation of tear and salivary glands)
Meds to reduce jnt inflammation and pain + immunosuppressive drugs
Cause: malfunction of the immune system (autoimmune disease)
What is the new test for RA dx
Blood test for RA diagnosis (inflammatory markers = c-reactive protein)
C-reactive protein is produced in the liver and found in the blood. CRP levels in the blood rise in response to inflammation
What is the primary problems for RA and osteoarthritis
RA: swelling and inflammation
osteoarthritis: cartilage destruction
Juvenile RA consists of what
Most common form of arthritis in children
Symptoms and causes are similar to those of RA
average age of onset is 6 yo ans 2 peaks occur btw the ages of 2-4 and 8-11
Complete functional recovery in about 50% of cases
Periods of exacerbation last from 1 week to several months
Warning signs of RA
- Pain, swelling, tenderness, heat or redness in a joint (INFLAMMATION)
- Inflammation may start gradually or w a sudden severe attack (can occur after psychological trauma)
- Morning stiffness that lasts longer than 30 min
- Pain in 3 or more jnts at the same time or in a jnt all night long
- Low energy and fatigue (systemic condition)
- Possible fever and weight loss (systemic disease)
osteoarthritis characteristics (7)
most common form of arthritis
mainly affects persons age 50 +
same incidence btw men and women
symptoms get worse as the day goes on (bc of fatigue)
degenerative jnt disease (loss of articular cartilage)
peripheral disease (local effect)
meds to reduce jnt inflammation and pain
causes of osteo
genetic predisposition joint trauma (knees of football players) excess weight (obesity) overuse syndrome (hands of hair dressers)
most commonly affected jnts of osteo and what is common amongst those
hands
spine, hips, knees (weight bearing jnts)
what is the tx to manage arthritis, how does it help
exercise
helps to reduce pain, and prevent further joint damage
also helps to maintain healthy weight, which puts less strain on the jnts (weight bearing jnts)
exercise of inflamed jnts strengthens the m. around the jnt this results in less pain
what can jnt mvt and absence of mvt do to the body
jnt mvt:
-mechanical pressure over the cartilage = brings nutrients + squeezes out waste (need to move to get bigger)
absence of mvt: (find time in day, when symptoms decrease to move)
- cartilage will starve + crumble away
- tendons + lig will shrink, stiffen up + become weaker
people like me: arthritis training intensity chart
how do you feel; training intensity
how do you feel vs training intensity
red workout: more than normal pain (joints in flare-up); low (rest and recover, ROM)
yellow workout: normal pain, normal jnt comfort; easy to moderate (normal exercise routine)
green workout: better than normal pain, joints feeling good; moderate to high (try smt new: more time, more weight and more reps/sets)
exercise recommendations from the arthritis society
ROM + stretching exercise:
if jnt is affected but not painful:
- ROM exercise (5-10 reps, position is held for 2-3 sec when it is appropriate)
- stretching exercises (2 to 3 reps, position is held for 20-30 s)
if jnt is slightly swollen, but neither hot nor painful, cuts the reps in half
if the jnt is hot, swollen + painful
-1 or 2 repetitions of the ROM exercises and no stretching
strengthening exercises by arthritis society
if jnt is affected but not painful:
- 5 to 10 reps with low load (can be repeated 3 times = 15 to 30 reps)
if jnt is slightly swollen + mildly painful = cut reps in half = 7 to 15 reps
if jnt is hot, swollen + painful = avoid strengthening exercises
what is the key point for arthritis exercise
important to move the affected jnts (ROM)
what can be used as equipment for strengthening exercises
light weights and stretch bands
relaxation for arthritis
relaxation of the m. around an affected jnt reduces pain.
heat and cold for arthritis
heat helps to relax aching m., reduce jnt pain and soreness (not recommended for swollen jnts) : like ahot shower or a hot pad
cold helps to lessen the pain and swelling in a jnt : put an ice pack on your knee
what can stress and anxiety do to a person w arthritis
Stress/anxiety? = will increase pain sensation
Joint protection: how to prevent joint deterioration
important to be kind to the body. After doing heavy work, or doing to same task over and over => stop or slow down
important to use arms, legs and back in safe ways to avoid stress on jnts (ex: carry a heavy load close to your body )
when is surgery used in people w arthritis
considered if jnt becomes badly damaged, or if the pain is too strong
benefits of surgery for people w arthritis
less pain, better mvt and function, in some cases better physical appearance
can be minor or major (joint reconstruction)
