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kcep final > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

What other name is given to hypertension

A

silent killer

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2
Q

what is hypertension

A

a cardiovascular problem in which the blood exerts a greater than normal force against the inner walls of the blood vessels

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3
Q

what can be a cause of hypertension (general)

A

increase in blood volume and a vasoconstriction of the blood vessels

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4
Q

what is a synonym of hypertension

A

high blood pressure

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5
Q

what can hypertension cause and why

A

it can cause damage to the heart, brain, kidnys and eyes because of circulatory problems due to blood vessel damage

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6
Q

which two conditions consists a major risk for death

A

stroke and heart attack

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7
Q

what are the 2 mechanical causes of hypertension

A

increase in stroke volume

increase in peripheral resistance

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8
Q

explain the increase in peripheral resistance

A

decrease of the vasodilation of the blood vessels

arterial walls become thickened, inelastic and resistant to blood flow

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9
Q

t/f you have to have the 2 mechanical causes to increase the bp

A

false, one is good enough

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10
Q

what is the incidence of hypertension in canada

A

20-25% have it

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11
Q

how many people don’t know they have hypertension

A

1/3

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12
Q

t/f mild and moderate hypertension present symptoms

A

false

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13
Q

what are the symptoms of severe hypertension

A

blurred vision
severe headaches
confusion

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14
Q

at what rank is hypertension for the risk factor for death in high-income countries (Canada)

A

2nd

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15
Q

what is the value for an optimal bp

A

120/80 mmhg

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16
Q

the systolic pressure represents

A

contraction phase

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17
Q

the diastolic pressure represents

A

relaxation phase

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18
Q

what facteors cause bp to rise temporarily

A

stress
smoking
exercise
caffeine

19
Q

why does systolic and diastolic bp rise in winter and drops in summer

A

bc the blood vessels constrict in the cold causing the heart to work harder to push the blood through the veins and arteries
bc you gain weight and do less exercise in winter

20
Q

what is the primary cause of hypertension

A

no specific medical cause can be found (90%)

it is believed to be 50% genetics 50% environment

21
Q

what are the secondary causes of hypertension (8)

A 
pregnancy (rise in blood volume)
coarticatication of the aorta (narrowing of the aorta)
obesity
smoking
physical inactivity
high fat diet and high salt intake 
large amounts of alcohol
large stresses
22
Q

what makes hypertension worst

A

increase in peripheral resistance (secondary factors)

23
Q

what is the path/interraction between hypertension and atherosclerosis

A 
high bp
arteries :walls swell & stretch
endothelial injury
attraction of ldl cholesterol and WBC
formation of plaque
atherosclerosis
major risk for death by stroke and heart attack
24
Q

name some risk factors for high bp in children

A

obesity
poor nutrition habit
family history

25
Q

what are the values of bp where hypertension begins

A

sys 140

dias 90

26
Q

what category should be selected if one of the values of bp fall between 2 categories

A

the higher one to prevent

27
Q

what is needed more in the stages 3&4 of high bp than in the stages 1 & 2

A

medication

28
Q

what is the normal bp response to aerobic exercise

A

systolic: increase of 30-60 mmhg
diastolic: no changes

29
Q

in order, what are the activities that cause an increase in systolic bp

A

rest
aerobic exercise
2-arm heavy curl
2-leg press, heavy load

30
Q

what are the effects at rest of hypertensive participants doing aerobic training

A

drop in systolic bp of 5-7mmgh and in diastolic bp of 3-5 mmgh

31
Q

what are the effects on bp at rest of hypertensive individuals participating in dynamic resistance training

A

drop in bp by 2-3 mmgh in both systolic and diastolic bp

32
Q

what are the effects on bp at rest on hepertensive individuals participating in isometric resistance training

A

potential for the largest decrease in diastolic and systolic bp but increased risk of medical complications

33
Q

what ahppens to the bp if it is lowered of 2 mmhg

A

it lowers stroke risks by 14% and 17% and the risk of coronary artery disease by 9% and 6%

34
Q

what are the effects of moderate weight reduction on resting and exercise bp in overweight subjects

A

at rest: decrease in systolic bp

during exercise: decrease in sbp and dsp (stronger effect on sbp)

35
Q

what are the recommendations for exercise programming for hypertension

A

medication first for stages 3 and 4
endurance training
lower intensity 40-70% is very good too

36
Q

when is exercise contraindicated with hypertension

A

when resting bp exceeds 200/115 mmhg

during exercise 225/90 mmhg (high risk)

37
Q

t/f high intensity isometric exercise and heavy strength training activities involving a valsalva effect are contraindicated

A

true

38
Q

what happens with medication during exercise

A

decrease in peripheral resistance by vasodilation and can produce post-exercise hypotension (dizziness, feeling faint)

39
Q

what is the main goal when managing hypertension

A

to control bp by the least intrusive means possible. bp should be lowered and maintained below 140/90 mmhg (stage 1)

40
Q

what are the best ways to control hypertension

A 
medication
healthy diet
exercise
management of emotional stress
weight control
41
Q

healthy diet include what

A

focusing on fruits, vegetebles and low-fat dairy products, and especially lower the salt in diet

42
Q

how does diuretics pills work

A

by flushing excess water and sodium from the body thus lowering bp, which may be enough along with lifestyle changes to control your bp (stage 1)

43
Q

how do beta blockers work

A

by blocking certain nerves and hormonal signals to the heart and blood vessels, thus lowering bp

44
Q

how do calcium channel blockers work

A

prevent calcium form going into the heart and blood vessels muscle cells, thus causing the cells to relax, which lowers bp

kcep final (9 decks)

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