osteoporosis Flashcards
can osteoporosis occur in young adults
yes
how is the relationship btw osteo and pa
important
which meds can lead to osteo
all anti inflammatory meds
what is osteo and why is it called like this
metabolic disease of b
osteo = b
porosis = porous (cavities in the b)
what is the osteo diagnosis
BMD measurement
what is the dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (3)
dexa
scans entire body and measures risk for fx in hip, spine and wrist
level of radiation is low and the test takes less than 5 min
provides 2D (cm^2) images of successive b layers
what is quantitative computed tomography (QCT) (4)
measures BMD in the hip and spine and produces a three dimensional image that allows true volume density QCT
can isolate an area for testing
the radiation is 10x higher than DEXA
the only method capable of distinguishing BMD level btw ext cortical b and int trabecular b (where b loss begins)
BMD measurement (2 types of scores)
BMD measurement is given as a T-score and a Z-score
t-score: the deviation from the mean b density of healthy young adults of the same gender and ethnicity
z-score: deviation from the mean b density of adults of the same age, gender and ethnicity
how does the WHO define osteo
T-score of -2.5 S.D and below is osteo
T-score btw -1 S.D & -2.5 S.D indicates some b loss (osteopenia) and a risk of osteo
if BMD of healthy young adults for the hip is 1000 +_ 100 (S.D) mg/cm^2
osteopenia = BMD of 900 to 750
osteoporosis = BMD of 750 and below
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what is established osteo
preferred term for those with osteoporosis and having one or more fragility fx
what is a fragility fx
any fall from a standing height or less, that results in a fx
why is a fragility fx not just a normal fx
bc the body should be able to sustain a fall from this height w/o a fx unless there is an underlying cause that makes the b fragile
what are the most common areas for fx
wrists, hips and spine
every standard deviation below normal doubles the risk for fx
- 1 standard deviation = 2x risk of fx (osteopenia)
- 2 = 4x (osteopenia)
- 3 = 8x (osteoporosis)
how is a Z-score used
used to determine whether the loss of b density is secondary to another disease or condition: if it is lower than expected for age , then there must be something accelerating this loss beyond the normal process of aging
what types of drugs could cause a low z-score
corticosteroids, anticonvulsants, antirejections drugs, etc
what could cause a low z-score
drugs, alcohol, tobacco, eating disorders, etc
prevalence of osteoporosis
1/4 women over 50 yo is affected
1/8 men over 50 is affected
race and sex differences
more women than men bc lack of hormone from menopause and bc they have overall smaller b
what is the cost of osteo per year
4.6 billion
which is more common in hip fx; fall due to the femoral neck fx or fx is the result of the fall
fx is the result of the fall (80%)
facts about fx
over 60 yo: 18% fx of vertebrae
over 50 yo: 15% hip fx