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Kcep 210 final > Traumatic Brain Injury > Flashcards

Traumatic Brain Injury Flashcards

1
Q

is concussion considered a TBI?

A

Yes a mild TBI

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2
Q

What is a traumatic brain injury (TBI) ?

A

A physical injury to brain tissue that temporarily or permanently impairs brain function

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3
Q

TBI - causes

A
  • Direct blow or penetrating object

- Indirect forces ex: inertia during a motor vehicle accident

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4
Q

TBI - penetrating head injury %

A

25% of TBI

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5
Q

TBI - closed head injury %

A

75% of TBI

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6
Q

TBI - what are classifications based on

A
  • Severity

- mechanism of injury

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7
Q

TBI - Classification of severity (3)

A
  • Mild
  • Moderate
  • Severe
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8
Q

TBI - Classification of mechanism of injury

A
  • closed head injury

- penetrating head injury

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9
Q

TBI - aspects affected (5)

A
  • Physical capability
  • Cognitive ability
  • Emotional state
  • Social interactions
  • Behavior
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10
Q

TBI - increase risks of (3)

A
  • Epilepsy
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Parkinson’s disease
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11
Q

TBI - can the side of brain lesion predict type of impairments and disability?

A

Yes

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12
Q

TBI - People U-35

A
  • Leading cause of death and disability for people U-35
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13
Q

TBI - Incidence % men vs women and why

A
  • 21 % women, 79% men

- Men higher bc young male takes more risk

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14
Q

TBI - Number of case

A
  • 65 000 new cases / years in CAN
  • 20% die
  • 10 to 20 % survive w/ severe impairments
  • Others learn to live with impairments
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15
Q

Incidence of TBI diagram - 3 things to look at

A

age group, overall reason and other

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16
Q

Incidence of TBI diagram - age group with highest rate

A
  • 15-24 yo
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17
Q

Incidence of TBI diagram - reasons of TBI

A
  • 28% motor vehicle
  • 20% sports
  • 9% assault
  • rest other
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18
Q

Incidence of TBI diagram - age group with highest rate associated to sport

A
  • less than 15 yo

- 15 to 24 yo

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19
Q

Incidence of TBI diagram - highest risk with people older than 64 yo

A

Falling

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20
Q

Types of TBI

A
  • Penetrating head injury
  • Closed head injury
  • focal
  • diffuse
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21
Q

Types of TBI - penetrating head injury

A

Injury where brain tissue is damage by an object that has pierced the skull and dura mater

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22
Q

Types of TBI - Closed head injury

A

Injury in which the skull and dura mater are not breached

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23
Q

TBI - focal

A

Confined to a specific area of the brain causing localized damage

24
Q

TBI - diffuse

A

characterized by damage throughout the brain

25
Q

Types and causes - Hematoma

A

Collection of blood outside blood vessel

26
Q

Types and causes - Hemorrhage

A

Bleeding directly into the brain tissue

27
Q

Types and causes - Diffuse Axonal injury

A

Tearing of nerve bundles and/or stretching of blood vessels

28
Q

Types and causes - Contusion

A

Bruises causing swelling and bleeding = tissue damage

29
Q

Types and causes - What happen during TBI? (2)

A
  • Nerve fibers are severed

- Nerve fibers are stretched = inefficient and slowed functioning

30
Q

Coup-Contrecoup - Coup

A

Brain injury at the point of impact

31
Q

Coup-Contrecoup - Contrecoup

A

Brain injury oppose to the point of impact

32
Q

Coup-Contrecoup - what is the primary impact ?

33
Q

Coup-Contrecoup - what is the secondary impact ?

A

Contrecoup

34
Q

Brain areas vs. functions - 6 areas

A
  • Frontal lobe
  • Motor cortex
  • Sensory cortex
  • Parietal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
  • Temporal lobe
35
Q

Brain areas vs. functions - Frontal lobe

A

Filtring, problem solving, emotions, behaviour

36
Q

Brain areas vs. functions - Motor cortex

37
Q

Brain areas vs. functions - Sensory cortex

A

Sensations

38
Q

Brain areas vs. functions - Parietal lobe

A

Perception, spelling, making sense of the world

39
Q

Brain areas vs. functions - Occipital lobe

40
Q

Brain areas vs. functions - Temporal lobe

A

Memory, understanding, language

41
Q

Hemineglect syndrome - symptoms

A

ignored people who approach from the left, leave food of the left side untouched, etc..

42
Q

TBI - degree of severity (3)

A
  1. Confusion
  2. Coma
  3. Cerebral death
43
Q

TBI - degree of severity - confusion

A
  • decreased of thinking process
  • Inattention or disorientation
  • Speech is affected
44
Q

TBI - degree of severity - coma

A
  • Affect IQ
  • Decreased metabolic activity of the brain
  • Lead to amnesia
45
Q

TBI - degree of severity - cerebral death

A
  • Brain no longer able to regulate body function
46
Q

TBI - symptoms (5)

A
  • Medical
  • Physical
  • Senses
  • Thoughts and communication
  • Behavior and personality
47
Q

TBI - symptoms - medical

A

Headaches, risk of seizures, fatigue

48
Q

TBI - symptoms - physical

A
  • Kcep can help

- balance issues, lack of coordination, muscle weakness/ paralysis

49
Q

TBI - symptoms - senses

A

Over-sensitivity, vision problems

50
Q

TBI - symptoms - thougths and communication

A

Affect organization of thoughts/ ability to find words and communicate clearly

51
Q

TBI - symptoms - Behavior and personality

A

Irritability, mood swings, depression, anxiety

52
Q

Difference between effects of TBI and Stroke on body functions

A

Brain damage after TBI is more widespread than stoke

53
Q

Can you exercise after a TBI?

54
Q

Recovery of motor function graph (2)

A
  1. Recovery process more than 2 years

2. The longer the coma = greater the severity

55
Q

Can the recovery process occur for more than 2 years post TBI?

56
Q

Is there a relation between length of coma and level of severity?

Kcep 210 final (8 decks)

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