Cerebral Palsy Flashcards
Is ID more common among individuals w/ CP?
Yes, about 50%
What does Cerebral Palsy (CP) means ?
- Cerebral = brain
- Palsy = decrease in muscle control
Is CP progressive?
It’s non-progressive but symptoms can changes
CP - Remember
- Not contagious
- Not hereditary
- Not life-threatening
CP - Incidence
- 2 to 2,5 / 1 000 births
- 15 000 people in QC
- 50 000 people in CAN
- More males than females (1,33 > 1)
Why incidence hasn’t declined in the last 60 years?
Increase survival rate of pre-term babies
CP causes - Before or during birth
- 90%
- Maternal infections
- Chemical toxins
- Injuries affecting fetal development
- Damage to the brain/ oxygen deprivation during deliveries
- Genetic disorder, chromosomal abnormality, faulty blood supply
CP causes - after birth
- 10%
- Brain infections
- Cranial traumas
- Oxygen deprivation
CP causes - other
- Age of mother
- Premature babies
- Low birth weight babies
CP causes - age of mother (less than 20 yo)
- Maternal infections
- Chemical toxins
CP causes - age of mother (more than 35 yo)
- Genetic disorder, chromosomal abnormality, faulty blood supply
- More physiological
CP causes - number 1
Damage to the brain/ oxygen deprivation during deliveries
Early signs
- Before 3 years of age (walk)
- Abnormal development of motor skill (coordination and balance)
- Abnormal muscle tone
- Favour one side of the body
Early signs - Walking pattern
- Toe walking
- Foot dragging
- Favor one side when standing up
Early signs - type of muscle tone
- Hypotonia
- Hypertonia
Types of CP - classification by number of limbs affected (5)
- Quadriplegia (4 limbs)
- Diplegia (2 limbs)
- Hemiplegia (one side of the body)
- Triplegia (3 limbs)
- Monoplegia (1 limb)
Types of CP - classification by mvt disorder (3)
- Spastic CP = Co-contraction
- Athetoid CP = mixed muscle tone, constant motion
- Ataxic CP = unsteady and shaky
Spastic CP
- Abnormal muscle tightness and stiffness
- Spastic muscles interfere with voluntary mvt
Spastic CP - incidence
Spasticity (65% of people w/ CP)
Spastic CP - Causes
- Damage to the motor cortex and cortical tracts
Spastics CP - Interventions
- Surgical lengthening of tendon
- Dorsal rhizotomy
Athetosis (athetoid) CP
Constant, unpredictable and purposeless mvt
Athetosis (athetoid) CP - incidence
25% of people with CP
Athetosis (athetoid) CP - Causes
- Fluctuating muscle tone (hyper-hypo)
- Damage to basal ganglia
Athetosis (athetoid) CP- Problems
- Problems w/ facial expression, eating, speaking, head/ fingers/ wrist control
- Most are quadriplegic
Ataxia CP
- Disturbance of balance and coordination characterized by hypotonia and decrease postural tone
Ataxia CP - Incidence
10% of people with CP
Ataxia CP - Causes
Disorders of the cerebellum and vestibular system
Most common CP
Spastic
Most severe CP
Athetoid
Fitness and CP
- Higher HR, blood pressure and lactate concentration
- Lower mechanical efficiency of their mvt = higher energy
Fitness and CP - causes
- Spasticity + athetosis
- Poor exercise habits
Effects of Exercise training (4)
Improvement:
- sense of wellness
- body image
- capacity to perform ADL
- lower spasticity and athetosis
Resistance training increase spasticity by how many pourcent?
0%
Resistance training and walking in children with CP - Study summary (4)
- 3 times / week for 60 min for 12 weeks
- 26 subjects per groups (6 to 13 yo)
- Training group: leg press machine and 3 exercises
- Control group : conventional PT program
Resistance training and walking in children with CP - Results
- Improvement in muscle strength in trained group (knee extensor, hip abductors, total)
- No improvement in walking ability in both group
- No improvement in muscle spasticity and ROM in both
Resistance training and walking in children with CP - Possible reason for lack of improvement in walking
Lack of specific exercise
