Aging and Frailty Flashcards
At what age is someone considered a senior?
65+
Aging & Frailty - Incidence
- 1 in 6 Canadians is at least 65 years old
- More senior than children in Canada
When did the number of senior surpassed the number of children?
In 2015
What is the median age of the Canadian population?
40 years old
Trend : % of senior of total canadian population
- Number of senior is increasing
- More senior lives older
- 1921: 5% of population
- 2041: 22% of population
What happen to the pourcentage of people with a disability with age?
It increase
What is the most common condition found among elderly?
Arthritis
Trend : population with a chronic condition by age
The older you are = more at risk of having a chronic condition
Top 2 most common condition in senior
- Arthritis and High BP
- Some older adults have more than 1 condition
What condition does the kcep internship doesn’t have a program for?
Allergies
What’s Frailty?
- Found in elderly adults over 65 y\old
- Acceleration in physical and cognitive decline due to aging
Frailty - diagnosis based on what elements (5)
- Muscle weakness
- Decrease physical activity
- Decrease speed
- Physical exhaustion
- Decrease unintentional weight
Frailty - Holistic definition
Increase vulnerability to internal and external stressor (due to decrease physiological reserves)
Ways to prevent frailty in seniors? (3)
- Exercise
- Nutrition
- Socialization
Frailty - sarcopenia
Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass associated with the increase physiological and functional vulnerability
Frailty - osteopenia
Age-related loss of bone mineral density associated with an increase risk for osteoporosis
Frailty - Balance disorder
- Disturbance = feel unsteady/ sensation of mvt when standing or laying down
- Caused by certain health conditions, meds or problem in inner ear or brain
Frailty - Nutritional problems
- Senior lose appetites and don’t eat correctly
- Not feel like eating, are alone, not have energy or money
Physiological changes associated with aging - cardiovascular system
- Decreased in VO2 peak and max HR the older you get
- Increase resting and exercise BP
Physiological changes associated with aging - Musculoskeletal system
- Decrease in muscle strength, flexibility, balance and muscle mass
- Higher decrease in muscle strength in women than men
Physiological changes associated with aging - Nervous system
- Increase time of reaction
- Decrease sensory system / decrease in nerve conduction cause by neuronal degeneration
Physiological changes associated with aging - Metabolic system
- Decrease basal metabolic rate and lean body mass
- Increase body fat
Physiological changes associated with aging - strongest correlation between risk of fall and which variable?
Increase time of reaction (second best is muscle strength)
Factors leading to sarcopenia and frailty - What can kcep help with?
Lifestyle
- Low physical activity level
Muscle mass, strength and disability - which training mode can decrease the risk of reaching the disability threshold?
Strength training
Muscle mass, strength and disability - Range of muscle mass & strength between individuals trend
- Early life = growth and development to peak
- Adult life = maintaining peak
- Older life = minimising loss
Postural changes associated with frail older adults (4)
- Forward head position
- Rounded shoulders
- Kyphosis
- Knee flexion (when condition is more severe)
Gait changes in older adult - What increase
- Stance phase (time)
Gait changes in older adult - What decrease (4)
- Velocity = hip, knee & ankle flexion
- Step length = swing phase
- Step rate (cadence)
- Power generation at push-off
Exercise recommendation for frail senior - Aerobic
Increase functional capacity and independence
Exercise recommendation for frail senior - Strength
Prevent or reverse frailty
- Start program without weight and add slowly
Exercise recommendation for frail senior - Flexibility
Prevent injury (ex: frozen shoulder)
Exercise recommendation for frail senior - neuromuscular
Prevent falls
