Arthritis Flashcards
Arthritis - typical clientele
- Older adults
- More females (26 % vs 19%)
What does arthritis means?
- Arthro = joints
- itis = inflammation
- Groupe of condition where there is damage caused to the joint
Arthritis - symptoms
- Soreness
- Stiffness
- Pain
Most common forms of arthritis (2)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (1% of population)
- Osteoarthritis (10 % of population)
Arthritis - Main problems (2)
- Decreased joint mobility
- Presence of joint pain
Arthritis - incidence
- 4 million Can. (1/7)
- most common cause of long-term disability
Why is the incidence going up?
Aging of the population
Impact of arthritis on DL
- Pain = less activity (like gardening, snow shoveling, cleaning house)
- Physical inactivity higher in people with arthritis
Hand involvement
- Inflammation (swelling)
- Deformity (bone displacement)
- Painful
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - age of onset
Between 20-50 years old
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - more common in which gender
3x more in females
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - what is it
- Inflammation in the synovial membranes and spread through joint
- More one joint and usually symmetrical
- Period of exacerbation (flare up) and remission
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - most common area
- Wrist
- Hand
- Knees
- Feet
- Cervical spine
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - disease type
- systemic meaning the entire body is affected
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - causes + medication
- malfunction of the immune system
- Meds reduce inflammation and pain + immunosuppressive drugs
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - C-reactive protein
Protein produced by the liver and found in blood
- Blood test for RA diagnosis
Juvenile Rheumatoid arthritis - age of onset
- Average : 6 years old
2 peaks - 2-4 years old
- 8-11 years old
Juvenile Rheumatoid arthritis - Recovery
- Complete functional recovery in 50% of cases
Juvenile Rheumatoid arthritis - symptoms and cause
Similar to RA
- Period of exacerbation last 1 week to several months
Rheumatoid arthritis - Warning signs (6)
- Inflammation (pain, swelling, tenderness, heat, redness)
- Inflammation start gradually or sudden severe attack
- Morning stiffness (longer than 30 min)
- Pain in 3 or more joint
- Low energy and fatigue
- Fever and weight loss
Osteoarthritis - age of onset + incidence between gender
- 50 + years old
- Same incidence 50-50
Osteoarthritis - type of disease
- Peripheral (local effect)
- Degenerative joint disease (loss of articular cartilage)
Osteoarthritis - most common area
- Joints
- Hands
- Spine
- Hips
- Knees
Osteoarthritis - Causes and symptoms + meds
- Genetic predisposition, joint trauma, excess weight, overuse syndrome
- Symptoms get worse throughout the day (fatigue)
- Meds reduce joint inflammation and pain
Glucosamine
- No clear proof that it works
- Reduce pain
- Improve physical function
Arthritis treatment - effect of exercise (4)
- Reduce pain
- Prevent joint damage
- Maintain healthy weight (= less strain on joints)
- Strenghten muscles around inflamed joint
Arthritis treatment - joint movement
Mechanical pressure over the cartilage = bring nutrients and squeezes out waste
Arthritis treatment - Absence of movement
- Cartilage will starve and crumble away
- Tendons and ligaments will shrink, stiffen up and become weaker
Program people like me - fitness assessments (6)
- Pre and post 12 week session
- Resting HR and BP
- Height and weight
- Waist circumference
- Body fat % and fat free mass
- Aerobic testing
Program people like me - Classes (7)
- each class is once a week
- Pre and post exercise eval
- Aerobic training
- Resistance training
- Range of motion
- Stretching
- Muscle relaxation or educational talk
Program people like me - Training intensity (red)
- More than normal pain + joint in flare up
- Low intensity (rest/recover, ROM, educational talk)
Program people like me - Training intensity (yellow)
- Normal pain + normal joint comfort
- Intensity easy to moderate (normal exercise routine)
Program people like me - Training intensity (green)
- Better than normal pain + joint feeling good
- Intensity moderate to high (increase time/ weight/ reps/ set)
Exercise recommendations (ROM + stretching) - Joint affected but not painful
- ROM exercise : 5-10 reps + position held for 3 sec
- Stretching : 2-3 rep + position held for 20-30 sec
Exercise recommendations (ROM + stretching) - Joint slight swollen not hot or painful
Cut rep in half
Exercise recommendations (ROM + stretching) - Joint hot, swollen and painful
- ROM : 1-2 reps
- No stretching
Exercise recommendations (strenghtening) - Joint affected but not painful
5-10 reps with low load repeated up to 3x (15-30 reps)
Exercise recommendations (strenghtening) - Joint slight swollen + mildly painful
cut reps in half = 7-15 reps
Exercise recommendations (strenghtening) - Joint hot, swollen and painful
Avoid strenghtening exercises
Strengthening - key point
- Important to move (ROM) the affected joint
- Can use light weight and/ or stretch bands
Decreasing symptoms - Relaxation
- Relaxing muscle around inflamed joint = reduce pain
- Stress/ anxiety increase pain
Decreasing symptoms - Heat/ Cold
- Heat relax aching muscle, reduce joint pain and soreness (not on swollen joints)
- Cold lessen pain and swelling in joint
Joint protection
- Be kind to body = after heavy work or same task, slow down or stop
- Use arms, legs and back in safe ways to avoid stress on joints
Surgery - when is it considered
- Joint badly damage
- Pain too strong
Surgery - Benefits (3)
- Less pain
- Better movements and function
- Better physical appearance
