Trauma-Related and Stressor-Related Disorders Flashcards
How can clients develop a trauma-or stressor-related disorder?? What are the examples??
- Experiences that are EXTRAORDINARY in Intensity or Severity.
- ## Stressors are WELL BEYOND the stress of daily life.
- Military combat
- Interpersonal violence (like abusive household, rape, etc..)
What is PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)??
1) Exposure to traumatic events causing
1. Anxiety
2. Detachment and other manifestations that last for longer than 6 months!!!
2) Manifestations can last for yearssss
How long can you experience PTSD????
Should be LONGER THAN 6 MONTHS!!!!
What are the manifestations of PTSD?????
- Intense memories of the trauma
- Nightmares
- Flashbacks
- Intense, Recurrent, Intrusive thoughts
- EMOTIONAL NUMBNING – don’t feel anything
- Increased IRRITABILITY
- HYPERAROUSAL– Overreactive fight/flight response that keep you on high alert!
What is Acute Stress Disorder??
Exposure to traumatic events causing Anxiety, Detachment, and other manifestations that last for AT LEAST 3 DAYS but NOT more than ONE MONTH
How long should Acute Stress Disorder last??
AT LEAST 3 DAYS, but NOT more than ONE MONTH!!
What is the difference between Acute Stress Disorder and PTSD??
- ASD disorder <3 months, last at least 3 days or up to 1 month
- PTSD is CHRONIC, with periods of Exacerbation (worsening) during increased stress!!
- PTSD can lead to other psychiatric disorder such as DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, and PHYSICAL ABUSE
PTSD can lead to other psychiatric disorder such as what???
DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, and PHYSICAL ABUSE
Adolescents with PTSD are at increased risk for what????******* (Exam)
INCREASED RISK FOR SUICIDE!!!!!
What are the PTSD Treatment options?????***** (Exam)
- Psychotherapy: Cognitive Behavior Therapy assist the client in CHANGING DISTORTED appraisal of EVENTS And NEGATIVE THOUGHTS.
- Prolonged Exposure Therapy: Use of RELAXATION TECHNIQUES with EXPOSURE to the traumatic situation. Can either be imagined through related discussion of the traumatic event OR practiced in real-world situations.
What are the medications and ‘4 other interventions’ for PTSD and ASD????
- Antidepressants:
- SSRI: Paroxetine and Sertraline
- SNRI: Venlafaxine - Anxiolytics: Benzos –> CAN CAUSE DEPENDANCY!!
- Sleep Aides: Hydroxyzine and TadraZone
- PRAZOSIN –> helps with nightmares!
- ## PROPRANOLOL (Beta-blocker) to decrease elevated vital signs, and manifestations of Panic, Anxiety, Hypervigilance, and insomnia!
- Group or Family Therapy
- EMDS – Eye movement Desentization and Reprocessing
- Crisis Intervention – immediately after a traumatic event
- Mental Health Promotion
What med would you give someone with PTSD to treat their nightmares ????
PRAZOSIN!!!!!
What beta blocker do you give for PTSD and ASD? What is it used for????****
PROPRANOLOL (Beta-blocker) to decrease elevated vital signs, and manifestations of:
- Panic,
- Anxiety,
- Hyper-vigilance, and
- Insomnia!
What is Adjustment Disorder??? The symptoms?? And examples???
1) A stressor: triggers a reaction causing CHANGES IN MOOD AND DYSFUNCTION IN PERFORMING TASKS. The stressors and affects ARE less severe than ASD or PTSD!
2) The symptoms: Develop WITHIN A MONTH, Lasting NO more than 6 months!!:
- Depressed Mood
- Anxiety
- Disturbance of Conduct
- Increased Irritability
- Hyperarousal
3) EX: Getting married, getting divorced, going away to college. It can be positive or negative events in life.
How long should Adjustment Disorder last?????**
Develop WITHIN A MONTH, Lasting NO more than 6 months!!
What are the symptoms for Adjustment Disorder???
- Depressed Mood
- Anxiety
- Disturbance of Conduct
- Increased Irritability
- Hyperarousal
Do you need meds for adjustment disorder OR dissociative disorder???
NOPE!! unless they show signs of depression and anxiety
What are the Screenings for PTSD and ASD??????
- PTSD Screening checklist
- Test for Anxiety and Depression
- PHQ-9 Scale –> FOR DEPRESSION
- Hamilton Anxiety Scale!
What is Dissociation Disorders??? What is depersonalization and Derealization??
Detachment from reality, rather than loss of reality as in psychosis.
1. Depersonalization – the feeling that a person observes one’s personality/body FROM a DISTANCE.
2. Derealization – outside events are UNREAL or part of a DREAM or that objects appear shrinking or larger.
What is Dissociative Amnesia??
Inability to recall particular time or specific details related to traumatic events!!
What is Dissociative Identity Disorder???
(Think of Multiple Personality Disorder)
1. With stressful even, they change from one personality to another!
What is the Nurse’s role??
1 . Promote patient’s safety INCLUDING Screening for suicidal Ideation and, a safe therapeutic environment
2. Multiple strategies to decrease anxiety, such as:
- Grounding techniques: clapping hands, deep breathing, touching an object
- Music Therapy
- Guided imagery
- Relaxation therapy
3. Promote the client’s SELF ESTEEM and Help client SHARE THEIR FEELINGS!!
What is the nursing role for dissociative disorder??
- During disassociate periods, Help client MAKE DECISIONS TO LOWER STRESS
- Use grounding Techniques: clapping hands, deep breathing, touching an object
- AVOID giving too much information about past events to prevent increased stress
What are client education to give????
- Ways to reduce stress
- VERBALIZE NEGATIVE FEELINGS
- AVOID ALCOHOL AND CAFFEINE (STIMULANTS)
- Teach client grounding techniques
