Trauma And Inflammation

Question 1

What factors alter the body’s inflammatory pathways

Answer 1

ISS / MOI
Shock
Age
Comorbidities
Transfusion/ fluids
Drugs given
Repeated surgeries
Genetics

Question 2

Innate immunity

Answer 2

Emmediate non specific response
Recruits immune cells, activates complement system, and activates adaptive immune response

Question 3

Which chemicals are used to recruit up immune cells during an innate immune response

Answer 3

Chemokines
Cytokines

Question 4

Which cell types are involved in innate immunity

Answer 4

Mast cell
Dendritic cell
Macrophage
basophil
Eosinophils
Neutrophil
NK cell
Complement proteins

Question 5

Which cell types are involved in adaptive immunity

Answer 5

B cell
T cell (CD4+ CD8+)

Question 6

What triggers release of DAMPs and PAMPs

Answer 6

DAMPs - tissue damage/injury
PAMPs - infection

Question 7

What do PAMPs and DAMPS trigger

Answer 7

Release of pro inflammatory and anti inflammatory cytokines from innate immune cells, leading to immunoparesis (->sepsis), endothelial damage, and organ damage

Question 8

What is SIRS and CARS, and which occurs first in trauma

Answer 8

SIRS excessive innate immune response (systemic inflammatory response syndrome)
CARS suppressive adaptive immune response (compensatory antiinflammatory response system)
SIRS happens first

Question 9

How does trauma lead to immunosupression

Answer 9

Trauma -> cell death and DAMP release -> dysregulated NK and dendritic cell activation -> MODS -> disrupted T cell response -> PRMODS and immunosupression

Question 10

Which blood cell abnormality is a marker of poor outcome following trauma

Answer 10

Lymphopenia

Question 11

PICS

Answer 11

Persistent inflammation immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome