Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IBSc PHEM Applied Science > Recreational Toxicology > Flashcards

Recreational Toxicology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ricin structure

A

A chain + B chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ricin MOA

A

Breaks down proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ricin poisoning management

A

Nothing to do in acute phase
Supportive treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

LD50

A

Lethal dose that kills 50% of the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What state are most nerve agents in at room temp

A

Liquid, then evaporate into gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of agent is Sarin

A

Organophosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

2 pneumonics for symptoms of organophosphate poisoning/ cholinergic crisis

A

DUMBELLS -
diarrhoea
Urination
Myosis
Bronchorrhea
Bradycardia
Emesis
Lacrimation
Lethargy
Salivation/Sweating / Seizures

SLUDGE
Sweating/ Salivation / Seizures
Lacrimation
Urination
Diarrhoea
GI cramps + pain
Emesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Organophosphate poisoning red flags

A

Secretions + Seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Main nerve agent antidote

A

Atropine - dries up secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Most ‘problematic’ cholinergic sx

A

Bronchorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which services carry atropine

A

Ambulances carry 4 self help packs
Large volumes carried by specialist providers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cholinergics

A

Compounds that mimic the action of acetylcholine +/or butyrylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Muscarinic

A

Type of ACH receptor involved in parasympathetic nervous system
Decreases HR, GI muscle contraction, incr GI secretions, incr gland secretion, urine release, contracts eye muscles, erections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nicotinic

A

Type of ACH receptor
Involved in neuro transmission, neuro modulation, cognitive function, and voluntary motor control, adrenaline+noradrenaline release + sympathetic nervous system activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Anticholinergic

A

Class of drugs that block ACH
Reduce secretions, have many side effects
Used for allergic and inflam disease, Parkinson’s, overactive bladder, and motion sickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Excitatory Neurotransmitter that acts on muscarinic and Nicotinic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cholinesterase

A

Enzyme present in the CNS that catalyses hydrolysis of ACH into acetic acid and choline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anticholinesterase

A

Class of drugs that inhibit breakdown of ACh
Used for Alzheimer’s and myasthenia Gravis
Novichok, organophosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ageing

A

biochemical process by which the agent-enzyme complex becomes completely resistant to oxime reactivation
Makes binding irreversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cyanide toxicity treatment

A

1) nitrates 2) methylene blue

Cyanide + nitrate -> methylHb
MethylHb + methylene blue -> Hb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Crack lung

A

Form of COPD caused by crack use
Forms soaces in the lungs

22
Q

Major vascular risk from crack use

A

Aortic dissection

23
Q

Why is it difficult to make antidotes for drugs

A

Often have multiple MOAs

24
Q

Why do people use crack

A

Powerful stimulant
Highly addictive
Numbs feelings

25
Q

Crack

A

Crystal form of cocaine that can be smoked to get a 5-10 min high

26
Q

How does crack cause harm

A

Overdose
Incr risk of heart attack, stroke, aortic dissection
Paranoia, disruption of personal relationships
Addiction
Effects amount of glutamate in brain affecting cognition and memory
Increases sensitivity to stress

27
Q

Crack/cocaine OD

A

Tachycardia
Hypertension
Diaphoresis
Mydriasis
Seizures
Hallucination
Delirium
Violent behaviour
Hyperthermia
Arrhythmia
Chest pain
DIB
Haemoptysis

28
Q

Crack/cocaine OD PH tx

A

Rapid cooling for hyperthermia
Benzodiazepines
Supportive tx

29
Q

Why do people take MDMA

A

Happy
‘Loved up’
Energised

30
Q

Effects of MDMA

A

Nausea
Muscle cramps
Gurning / jaw tightening
Blurred vision
Chills
Hyperthermia
Sweating
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Hyperactivity
Bruxism
Restlessness
Insomnia
Concentration difficulty

31
Q

MDMA

A

Synthetic psychoactive drug
Powder, crystal, or in pills
Class A
Stimulant

32
Q

How does MDMA cause harm

A

Increased risk of unsafe sex
Serotonin syndrome
Dehydration, hyperthermia, HF, kidney failure
Depression, aggression, impulsiveness, anxiety
Sleep problems
Liver failure
Repeated use depletes serotonin - depression and anxiety

33
Q

MDMA MOA

A

Increases concentration of noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin in the synaptic cleft
- inhibits serotonin and dopamine reuptake
- stimulates serotonin and dopamine release
- Inhibits monoamine oxidase activity
Effects Thermoregulation and autonomic nervous system
Increases ADH levels

34
Q

MDMA OD

A

Tachycardia
Hypertension
Dysrhythmia
Anxiety + agitation
Hallucination
Seizures
Mydriasis
Diaphoresis
Hyperthermia
Serotonin syndrome
Rhabdomyolysis
DIC

35
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

Hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, breathing difficulty

Tx - cyproheptadind, ventilation, supportive

36
Q

PH tx of mdma OD

A

Rapid cooling
Benzodiazepines- psychomotor agitation and shivering
Cyproheptadine - serotonin syndromeABCDE
cardiac monitoring

37
Q

Effects of MDMA on water balance

A

Decreases ADH
Incr thirst (hyperthermia)
Sweating
Hot clubs,Dancing

38
Q

GHB

A
39
Q

Why do people use GHB

A
40
Q

GHB MOA

A
41
Q

GHB signs and sx

A
42
Q

GHB OD

A
43
Q

GHB PH tx

A
44
Q

What causes Hyperpyrexia

A

Muscle contractions and rigidity

45
Q

Spice

A
46
Q

Spice MOA

A
47
Q

Why people use spice

A
48
Q

Spice signs and sx

A
49
Q

Spice OD

A
50
Q

Spice PH tx

A
51
Q

How spice causes harm

A
52
Q

Cocaine/crack MOA

A

IBSc PHEM Applied Science (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions