Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IBSc PHEM Applied Science > Fluids And Anaphylaxis > Flashcards

Fluids And Anaphylaxis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which ions are most important in strong ion theory

A

Sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of shock

A

Cardiogenic
Hypovolaemic
Obstructive
Distributive - septic anaphylactic neurogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anaphylaxis signs and symptoms

A

Angioedema
Rash
Hives
Flushing
Tongue and oral swelling
Circulatory collapse
Coronary spasm
Wheeze
Stridor
Abdo pain
Diarrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anaphylaxis tx

A

ABCDE
adrenaline
High flow 02
Fluid challenge
Steroids - hydrocortisone
Antihistamines - chlorphenamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does adrenaline help anaphylaxis

A

Stops further MAST cell degranulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What additional treatment should be considered in anaphylaxis if the ot is taking beta blockers

A

Glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What concentration adrenaline is given in anaphylaxis

A

1:1000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

IM adrenaline doses for anaphylaxis

A

12yrs + - 500 micrograms (0.5ml)
6-12 yrs - 300 micrograms (0.3ml)
<6yrs - 150 micrograms (0.3 ml)
<6mo - 100-150 micrograms (0.1-0.15ml)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

IV adrenaline dose for anaphylaxis

A

Adult - 50microgram
Children 1microgram/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why should IV colloid fluids be stopped in anaphylaxis

A

Potential trigger of anaphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which steroid and antihistamine are given in anaphylaxis

A

Hydrocortisone IM or slow IV
Chloramphenamine IM or slow IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chloramphenamine doses in anaphylaxis

A

12yrs + - 10mg
6-12yrs - 5mg
6mo-6yrs - 2.5mg
<6mo - 250micrograms/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hydrocortisone doses in anaphylaxis

A

12yrs+ - 200mg
6-12yrs - 100mg
6mo-6yrs - 50mg
<6mo - 25mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 categories of fluids

A

Crystalloid
Colloid
Natural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When can saline be harmful as a fluid

A

When given long term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which fluid is acid base balanced

A

Plasmalyte

17
Q

Why are gelatin fluids rarely used

A

Reports of anaphylaxis
No long term benefits

18
Q

Why are starch fluids no longer given

A

Long term renal legacy

19
Q

What are PFCs

A

Perflurocarbon based oxygen carriers
Trials straying soon

20
Q

Disadvantages of whole blood

A

Hard to get, store, and crossmatch

21
Q

Disadvantages of packed red cells compared to whole blood

A

2,3 DPG degrades over time decreasing O2 capacity
no clotting factors

22
Q

How does mannitol work

A

Large sugar mols increase oncotic pressure -> draws fluid from interstitial space into vasculature

23
Q

Does mannitol have short or long term effects

A

Short

24
Q

How does hypertonic saline work

A

Salt increases osmotic pressure -> draws fluid from interstitial space to vasculature

25
Q

Which fluids are used for neurosurgical rescue

A

Mannitol
Hypertonic saline

26
Q

What complication is reduced by using albumin fluid in ITU

A

Oedema

27
Q

What component in Hartman’s is broken into bicarbonate

A

Lactate

28
Q

Why does alcohol effect fluid balance

A

Inhibits ADH production

29
Q

Why is hartmans not used 1st line in A&E

A

Can worsen hyperkalaemia or other electrolyte imbalances

30
Q

How do gelatina boost circulation

A

Gelatin forms chunks of protein -> incr oncotic pressure

31
Q

How quickly are gelatina broken down

A

~1hr

32
Q

Anaphylactic reaction pathophysiology

A

Allergen triggers production of IgE by B cells -> IgE binds to surface of mast cell or basophil -> subsequent exposure to antigen -> antigen bridges gap between 2 antibody molecules -> degranukation of cell and release of histamine + other mediators

33
Q

Effect of histamine on capillaries

A

Increases permeability and distension of capillaries

34
Q

Which anaphylaxis treatment has long term effects not short term

A

Steroids

35
Q

How often should IM adrenaline be repeated in anaphylaxis

A

Every 5 mins

36
Q

Refractory anaphylaxis

A

No improvement in breathing or circulation problems after 2 doses of IM adrenaline

37
Q

IV fluid challenge in anaphylaxis

A

Adults - 500-1000ml
Children - 10ml/kg
Crystalloid fluid

38
Q

Anaphylaxis life threatening problems

A

Hoarse voice, stridor
Incr WOB, wheeze, fatigue, cyanosis, SpO2 <94
Low BP, signs of shock, decr consciousness

39
Q

Where should IM adrenaline be injected

A

Anterolateral aspect of middle third of thigh

IBSc PHEM Applied Science (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions