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IBSc PHEM Applied Science > Fractures And Dislocation > Flashcards

Fractures And Dislocation Flashcards

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1
Q

What features should you look for on general approach when suspecting a fracture

A

Deformity
Wounds
Skin tenting

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2
Q

What should be assessed when feeling a suspected fracture

A

Apex of deformity
Bone continuity
Discolouration of foot/hand
Distal sensation
Distal movement

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3
Q

How should a suspected fracture be movement

A

Analgesia/sedation -> small test movement -> realign to anatomical position

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4
Q

What should you do if there is crepitus or the fracture ‘gets stuck’ while realigning

A

Crepitus - continue realigning as tolerated
Stuck - stop and stabilise in that position / return to position of maximum comfort

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5
Q

Anatomical position for realigning upper and lower limb

A

Upper - elbow at 90, arm across body, sling
Lower - knee flexed to 15-30

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6
Q

PH management of acromioclavicular dislocation

A

No specific interventions needed
Watch for skin tenting

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7
Q

Which injury is suggested by a ‘squared off shoulder’

A

Shoulder dislocation

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8
Q

Which nerve is commonly injured in a shoulder dislocation

A

Axillary

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9
Q

Shoulder dislocation PH management

A

Analgesia
Broad arm sling
? Relocation

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10
Q

Luxatio erecta

A

Inferior shoulder dislocation
Rare Shoulder dislocation usually caused by hyper abduction injury to the arm

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11
Q

Proximal humerus fracture management

A

Analgesia
Collar and cuff sling
Surgery not usually needed

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12
Q

Which nerve is most at risk in a mid shaft Humeral fracture

A

Radial

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13
Q

Midshaft humerus fracture management

A

Bene cast in anatomical position
Surgery if v unstable

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14
Q

Sternoclavicular dislocation PH management

A

No specific intervention

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15
Q

Clavicular fracture PH management

A

No specific ph intervention
Watch for skin tenting

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16
Q

Are distal humerus fractures more likely to cause NV injuries in kids or adults

A

Kids

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17
Q

Which Humeral fracture should NOT be manipulated

A

Distal humerus

18
Q

Which humeral fractures have differing management depending on NV exam

A

Midshaft
Distal

19
Q

Distal Humeral fracture PHM management

A

Immobilise in current position
DO NOT manipulate (esp in kids)
Usually needs surgery

20
Q

Elbow dislocation and articular injury PH management

A

Analgesia
benecast in current position
Do not manipulate
?surgery

21
Q

Forearm fracture PH management

A

Immobilise w benecast in Current position
DO NOT manipulate
Usually need surgery

22
Q

Where should a pelvic binder be centred

A

Greater trochanter

23
Q

Types of hip fracture

A

Intra capsular
- femoral head
- femoral neck
Extracapsular
- intertrochanteric
- subtrochanteric

24
Q

Method of splinting/reducing proximal, middle, and distal femur fracture

A

Proximal - realign
Middle - KTD
distal - benecast or realign

25
Q

Tearing of which structure allows the patella to be displaced completely out of the femoral trochlea

A

Medial retinaculum

26
Q

Steps for assessing any fracture or dislocation

A

Look
Feel
Move
Neuro and vascular assessment
Analgesia
Reduce and stabilise

27
Q

Which fractures should not be manipulated/reduced

A

Distal humerus fracture
Elbow dislocation
Articular injuries
Forearm fractures

28
Q

How to dress open fracture

A

Take photo before dressing
Remove macroscopic debris
Don’t wash out - delays tx
Saline soaked gauze + occlusive dressing + crepe dressing + splint

29
Q

What should be done before dressing an open fracture

A

Take photo

30
Q

What should be done before and after manipulating a fracture

A

NV exam
Document and handover findings

31
Q

What should be done before and after manipulating a fracture

A

NV exam
Document and handover findings

32
Q

Surgical fracture management

A

Wash out
Debride
External fixation
Convert to definitive surgical fixation within 3 days

33
Q

Which fracture can impact breathing

A

Sternoclavicukar

34
Q

What can cause recurrent dislocations

A

Ehlos Danlos
CT disorders

35
Q

What lower limb position suggests hip fracture/dislocation

A

Internal rotated
Abducted

36
Q

PH NOF fracture management

A

Little OH intervention
?Strap leg to uninjured leg
Surgery

37
Q

Tibiofemoral dislocation sign

A

Significant bruising at back of knee

38
Q

Tibiofemoral dislocation ph management

A

Realign
Benecast in anatomical safe position

39
Q

What position should the knee be in when realigning a patellar dislocation

A

Knee hyperextended

40
Q

Ankle fracture PH management

A

Realign

IBSc PHEM Applied Science (18 decks)

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