Trauma

Question 1

Fentanyl / Sublimaze

Answer 1

Classification
Opioid agonist, Narcotic analgesic

Mechanism of Action
Stimulates opioid receptors producing analgesic effect, and induces sedation while maintaining airway, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Indications
Pain management, RSI

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, Hypotension, respiratory depression, head injury, age < 2

Dosage
Pain mgmt: 1 mcg / kg IV/IO/IM/IN up to 150 mcg (MA) 300 mcg (Nat)

RSI: 2-5 mcg / kg IV/IO/IM/IN

Question 2

Morphine / AstroMorph

Answer 2

Classification
Opioid Narcotic

Mechanism of Action
Opioid receptor agonist producing analgesia

Indications
Pain management

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, hypotension, MAOI use, abdominal pain, respiratory distress, head injury

Dosage
Pain: 0.1 mg / kg SIVP MAX 10 mg

Question 3

Tetracaine

Answer 3

Classification
Local Anesthetic

Mechanism of Action
Reduces Na sodium permeability interrupting conduction in nerve impulses

Indications
Ophthalmic (eye) injury

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity

Dosage
1-2 gtt per affected eye

Question 4

Tranexamic acid / TXA

Answer 4

Mechanism of Action
Inhibits activation of plasminogen(plasmin, a potent serine protease involved in the dissolution of fibrin blood clots), preventing fibrinolysis (It works by blocking the breakdown of blood clots, which prevents bleeding.)

Indications
Reduction or prevention of internal hemorrhage

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, subarachnoid hemorrhage (head bleed)

Dosage
1 g IV infusion over 10 min followed by 1 g over 8 h