Endocrine

Question 1

Dextrose 10%
Dextrose 25%
Dextrose 50%

Trade Name
DGlucose,Glucose

Answer 1

Classification
Glucose elevating agent, Carbohydrate

MOA
Caloric supplement in patients who can’t maintain adequate oral intake. Raises the sugar level

Indication
Hypoglycemia, coma,seizure

Contraindication
Corn allergy, intracranial bleed spinal bleed

Caution
Extravasation may cause tissue necrosis

Dosage/ Route of administration
Dextrose 10% 5 ml/kg IV

Dextrose 25% 12 ml/kg IV

Dextrose 50% 12.5-25 g IV

Question 2

Glucose / Glutose

Answer 2

Classification
Simple sugar

MOA
Simple sugar used by the body to maintain homeostasis, also used by the body for energy level and to avoid hypoglycemia

Indication
Hypoglycemia

Contraindication
Hypersensitivity

Dosage/ Route of administration
1 tube oral glucose

12.5-25 grams IV

Question 3

Glucagon / Glucagen

Answer 3

Classification
Hormone, Antihypoglycemic

MOA
Increases the blood sugar, causes glycogenolysis liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream

Indications
Hypoglycemia, beta blocker overdose

Contraindication
Hypersensitivity, Pheochromocytoma, peanut and soy allergy

Dosage/ Route of administration
1mg IV, IM, Subq

2-10 mg beta blocker overdose

Question 4

Insulin / Novolog

Answer 4

Classification
Hormone

MOA
Hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates the level of glucose in the blood

Indications
Hyperglycemia, Hyperosmolar (high sodium salt in blood)

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, Hypoglycemia

Dosage/ Route of administration
0.2 units per kg up to 100 units per day Hyperglycemia

Question 5

steroids

Name
Baycadron
Solu-Cortef
Solu-medrol
Deltasone

Trade Name 
Dexamethasone
Hydrocortisone
Meththylperdnisolone
Prednisone

Answer 5

Classification
Steroid

MOA
Intermediate-acting steroids that inhibits production of substances that cause inflammation and inhibits synthesis of pro-inflammatory enzymes

Indication
Bronchospasms, anaphylaxis, croup

Contraindication
Hypersensitivity to sulfa, Fungal infection, Cushioning syndrome, CHF, chicken pox, Hypertension, seizure, thrombocytopenia

Side effects
Headache, confusion, vomiting weight gain

Untoward effects
Mood changes, hives rash

Dosage
Dexamethasone Asthma 0.6-1 mg/kg

Allergic reaction 4-10 mg IV/IM

Hydrocortisone 100mg IV,IM,IO

Meththylperdniolose 125 mg IV,IM,IO

Prednisone 5-60 PO