Obstetrics

Question 1

Oxytocin / Pitocin

Answer 1

Classification
Protein

MOA
Protein produced by the pituitary gland used for the stimulation of contraction of the uterus. Increases the concentration of the calcium inside muscle cells that control contraction of the uterus

Indications
Postpartum hemorrhage, initiation of contraction

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, Cephalopelvic disproportion, unfavorable fetal position,non imminent birth, cord prolapse

Dosage/ Route of administration
0.5-1 mU/min increased to 1-2 mU/min unit until labor is induced

Postpartum hemorrhage 10u IM

Question 2

Magnesium Sulfate

Answer 2

Classification
Sulfate

MOA
calcium channel blocker causing relief from hypotension, bronchodilator, stops preterm labor, Blocks or decreases acetylcholine receptors stopping seizures activity and dysrhythmias due to low magnesium levels

Indications
Preterm labor, seizures, hypomagnesemia, bronchospasms, hypotension

Contraindications
hypersensitivity, Shock, severe hypertension, GI obstruction, Nursing mothers, Bradycardia

Dosage/ Route of administration
Eclampsia 4-6 g over 30 minutes

Question 3

Name
Dextrose 10%
Dextrose 25%
Dextrose 50%

Trade Name
DGlucose,Glucose

Answer 3

Classification
Glucose elevating agent, Carbohydrate

MOA
Caloric supplement in patients who can’t maintain adequate oral intake. Raises the sugar level

Indication
Hypoglycemia, coma, post seizure

Contraindication
Corn allergy, intracranial bleed spinal bleed

Dosage/ Route of administration
Dextrose 10% 5 ml/kg IV

Dextrose 25% 12 ml/kg IV

Dextrose 50% 12.5-25 g IV

Question 4

Glucose / Glutose

Answer 4

Classification
Simple sugar

MOA
Simple sugar used by the body to maintain homeostasis, also used by the body for energy level and to avoid
hypoglycemia

Indication
Hypoglycemia
Contraindication
Hypersensitivity

Side effects
Hyperglycemia, nausea, vomiting

Untoward effects
Headache

Dosage/ Route of administration
1 tube oral glucose

12.5-25 grams IV

Question 5

Glucagon / Glucagen

Answer 5

Classification
Hormone, Antihypoglycemic

MOA
Increases the blood sugar, causes liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream

Indications
Hypoglycemia, beta blocker overdose

Contraindication
Hypersensitivity, Pheochromocytoma, peanut and soy allergy

Side effects
GI upset, hypersensitivity, increased blood sugar level
Untoward effects
Urticaria, respiratory distress, hypotension

Cautions
insulinoma , diabetes mellitus, pheochromocytoma

Dosage/ Route of administration
hypoglycemia 1mg IV,IO IM, Subq

beta blocker overdose 2-10 mg IV/IM/IO

Question 6

Insulin / Novolog

Answer 6

Classification
Hormone

MOA
Hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates the level of glucose in the blood

Indications
Hyperglycemia, Hyperosmolar (extreme sugar >500)

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, Hypoglycemia

Side effects
Headache, hunger, sweating irritability

Untoward effects
Seizures, Rapid breathing, Tachycardia, fainting , tremors

Dosage/ Route of administration
0.2 units per kg up to 100 units per day Hyperglycemia