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Medications > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Albuterol / Ventolin

A

Classification
Adrenergic

MOA
Treats bronchospasms in patient with reversible obstructive airway disease. Binds to the beta 2 receptor causing smooth muscle relaxation

Indications
Relief from bronchospasms

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity

Dosage/ Route of administration
Inhaler 1-2 inhalations every 4-6 hours (90-180 meg)

2.5 mg diluted in 3 ml of inhalation saline over 5-15 minutes Neb

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2
Q

Aminophylline / Phyllocontin

A

Classifications
Bronchodilator

MOA
binds to the beta 2 receptor, smooth muscle relaxation

Indications
Reversible airflow obstruction, Asthma, Emphysema, Chronic bronchitis

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, hypersensitivity to theophylline, liver disease, hypothyroid

Dosage/ Route of administration
250- 500 mg/ D5W infused at 5-10 mg/kg/hour

5 -mg/kg IV over 20-30 mins followed by 0.4 mg/kg/hour

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3
Q

Atropine / Atropen

A

Classification
Anticholinergics belladonna alkaloid

MOA
Competitive Antagonist for the muscarinic receptor

Indication
Bradyarrhythmias, Organophosphate poisoning

Contraindication
Hypersensitivity

Dosage/ Route of administration
0.5 mg push IV may repeat every 3 to 5 minutes up to 3 mg max for bradycardia

2- 6 mg for organophosphate poisoning

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4
Q

Cetacaine Spray / Hurricane Spray

A

Classification
Topical Mucosal Anesthetic

MOA
Blocks nerve conduction on the mucosal membrane and also blocks gag reflex

Indications
Intubation, Nasal Intubation, pain management and gag reflex

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity

Dosage/ Route of administration
200 mg 1 second or 1 spray

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5
Q

Epinephrine / Adrenalin

A

Classification
Adrenergic, Sympathomimetic

MOA
Stimulates both Alpha and Beta 1 and 2 receptor, sympathomimetic increases chronotropy,dromotropy, inotropy, automaticity, is an antagonist of histamines relaxes smooth bronchial muscles reversing anaphylaxis

Indications
Cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, bradycardia, refractory Asthma

Contraindication
Hypersensitivity, Pre Existing tachydysrhythmia,hemorrhagic shock, hypovolemic shock, hypertension,active labor

Side Effect
Anxiety, headache, nervousness, fear, palpitations, sweating, nausea, vomiting, pale skin, shortness of breath, dizziness, weakness, tremors

Untoward effect
Increased breathing difficulty, hypertension, blurred vision, confusion, chest pain, uneven heartbeat, seizures

Cautions
Injection into the wrong area can cause gangrene and tissue necrosis

Dosage/ Route of administration
Refractory asthma, Anaphylaxis 0.3mg- 0.5 mg (1:1000) IM

Cardiac arrest 1 mg (1:10000) IV/IO every 3-5 minutes

Bradycardia, profound hypotension 0.05- 0.1 mg (1:10000) slow IV push

Post arrest infusion 0.1- 0.5 mcg/kg/min with a max of 30 mcg/min mix 1 mg in 250 ml

Ett 2- 2.5 mcg diluted in 10 ml in normal saline

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6
Q

Etomidate / Amidate

A

Classification
General Anesthetic, Hypnotic

MOA
Hypnotic used for the induction of the anesthesia lacks analgesic activity has minimal cardiovascular effect has a rapid onset usually within one minute binds to the GABA receptor

Indication
Sedation for intubation Cardioversion, and simple procedures

Contraindication
Hypersensitivity, sepsis, younger than 10 nursing mothers

Side effects
Hypertension, laryngospasm, hyperventilations

Untoward effects
Tachycardia, nausea vomiting

Cautions
Impairment of fertility

dosage/ Route of administration
0.2-0.6 mg./kg IV over 15-30 seconds IV

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7
Q

Furosemide / Lasix

A

Classification
Loop diuretic

MOA
Blocks absorption of sodium chloride, water and potassium at the loop of henle causes profound increased urinary output

Indications
Edema associated with CHF, cirrhosis of the liver renal disease, hypertension

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, hypersensitivity to sulfa, hypotensive, Known electrolyte imbalance

Dosage
Hypertension 40 to 80 mg no faster than 20 mg min IV,IO

CHF 0.5-1 mg/kg IV

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8
Q

Ipratropium Bromide / Atrovent

A

Classification
Anticholinergic

MOA
Antagonizes action of the acetylcholine on bronchial smooth muscles in the lungs causing bronchodilation

Indications
Maintenance treatment of bronchospasms COPD, Chronic bronchitis, Emphysema, Asthma

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, Hypersensitivity to Atropine, soy peanuts

Side effects
Headache, dizziness, nausea, dry mouth, tremors
Untoward effects
Chest pain, pounding heartbeats, Hypertension, Swelling ankles or feet, painful or difficulty urinating, low potassium

Dosage/ Route of administration
500 mcg nebulizer typically with Albuterol

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9
Q

Lidocaine jelly / Lidocaine hydrochloride

A

Classification
Topical local anesthetic

MOA
Stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of impulses

Indications
Anesthetic, lubricant for intubation

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity

Side effects
Possible tube obstruction from dried jelly

Untoward effects
Airway obstruction

Dosage/Route of administration
Generous amount of jelly before intubation

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10
Q

Magnesium Sulfate

A

Classification
Sulfate

MOA
Physiological calcium channel blocker causing relief from hypotension, stops preterm labor, bronchodilator, Blocks or decreases acetylcholine receptors stopping seizures activity and dysrhythmias due to low magnesium levels

Indication
Preterm labor, seizures, hypomagnesemia, bronchospasms, Tetany, hypotension

Contraindications
hypersensitivity, Shock, Third degree AV node block, GI obstruction, Nursing mothers history of myocardial damage, Bradycardia

Side effects
Fainting, nausea, Hypermagnesemia

Untoward effects
Respiratory depression

Dosage
Respiratory 2g over 20 IV,IO diluted in 100ml

Torsades 1-2g diluted 100 ml over 5-60 min follow with infusion

Eclampsia 4-6 mg IM or 1-2g diluted in 100 ml over 30 min.

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11
Q

Phenylephrine / Neo synephrine spray

A

Classification
Nasal decongestant, Sympathomimetic

MOA
Stimulates Alpha 1 receptors causing vasoconstriction

Indications
Nasal intubation

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity

Side effects
trouble sleeping, trembling, nervousness headache nausea, vomiting

Untoward effects
Fast or irregular heart rate, pounding pulse, chest tightness

Dosage
1 to 2 sprays per nare

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12
Q

Oxygen / O2

A

Classification
Medical gas

MOA
Reverse hypoxia, increases hemoglobin saturation

Indication
Hypoxia, poor perfusion

Contraindications
Paraquat poisoning

Side effects
Dry out mucous membrane

Untoward effects
none

Dosage/ Route of administration
3-25 LPM via NC, non rebreather, CPAP, BVM, venturi mask, intubation tube

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13
Q

Propofol / Diprivan

A

Classification
General Anesthesia

MOA
Binds to the GABA receptor used for introduction of anesthesia decreasing the rate of dissociation of the GABA receptor

Indication
Procedural sedation, anesthesia

Contraindication
Hypersitivity, egg and soy products

Side effect
dizziness , nausea, pain at injection site, dark urine

Untoward effect
Breathing problems, changes in vision, fast of irregular heart beats

Dosage
Dose 1.5-3 mg/kg

Infusion 25-75 mcg/kg/min

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14
Q

(Steroids)

Name
Baycadron
Solu-Cortef
Solu-medrol
Deltasone
Trade Name 
Dexamethasone
Hydrocortisone
Meththylperdnisolone
Prednisone
A

Classification
Steroid

MOA
Intermediate-acting steroids that inhibits production of substances that cause inflammation and inhibits synthesis of pro-inflammatory enzymes

Indication
Bronchospasms, anaphylaxis, croup

Contraindication
Hypersensitivity to sulfa, Fungal infection, Cushioning syndrome, CHF, chicken pox, Hypertension, seizure, thrombocytopenia

Side effects
Headache, confusion, vomiting weight gain

Untoward effects
Mood changes, hives rash

Dosage
Dexamethasone Asthma 0.6-1 mg/kg

Allergic reaction 4-10 mg IV/IM

Hydrocortisone 100mg IV,IM,IO

Meththylperdniolose 125 mg IV,IM,IO

Prednisone 5-60 PO

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15
Q

Racemic epi / Racemic epinephrine

A

Classification
Sympathomimetic

MOA
Binds to both alpha and beta receptor bronchodilation decreased mucous membrane section relieves subglottic edema

Indication
Croup, bronchospasms and subglottic edema

Contraindication
Hypepertension, hypersensitivity, epiglottis

Side effects
anxiety, dizziness, headache, hypertension

Untoward effects
Tachycardia,restlessness

Dosage/ Route of administration
11.25 mg in 2.5 ml of NS Neb

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16
Q

Rocuronium / Zemuron

A

Classification
Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular blockade

MOA
Prevents acetylcholine from binding to receptors blocking muscular contraction

Indication
RSI, intubation, muscle relaxer for patients on vent

Contraindication
Hypersensitivity, Unable to ventilate

Side effects
Asthma, Nausea, vomiting, Hypotension

Untoward effects
Tachycardia, apnea

Dosage/ Route of administration
0.6-1.2 mg/kg IV

Maintenance 0.1-0.2 mg/kg

17
Q

Succinylcholine / Anectine

A

Classification
Paralytic, General Anaesthetic

MOA
Short acting neuromuscular blocker

Indication
RSI, calm muscles preoperational, calm muscles on vent

Contraindication
Hypersensitivity, Hyperkalemia, epiglottis, major burns, malignant hyperthermia, crush injury, renal failure, MS

Side effects
Prolonged apnea, excessive saliva, muscle cramp, muscle pain

Untoward effects
Fasciculation, chest pain, increased potassium

Dosage
1-1.5 mg/kg IV

3-4 mg/kg IM

18
Q

Vecuronium / Norcuron

A

Classification
Paralytic, nondepolarizing Neuromuscular blocking agent

MOA
Inhibits neuromuscular transmission binding with acetylcholine receptor causing muscular paralytic

Indications
RSI, Intubation, during surgery as muscle relaxer

Contraindication
Hypersensitivity, hypersensitivity to bromide, unable to ventilate

Side effects
Muscle weakness, inability to move muscles

Untoward Effects
Trouble breathing, Apnea, respiration inefficiency

Dosage/ Route of administration
0.1-0.2 mg/kg IV,IO

Medications (9 decks)

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