Trauma

Question 1

what is a blow out fracture

Answer 1

direct damage to orbit causing an infraorbital fracture of orbital wall (usually inferior)

Question 2

how do you identify a blow out fracture on imaging

Answer 2

tear drop sign CT

Question 3

what are signs and symptoms of a blow out fracture

Answer 3

severe swelling, expothalamus, diplopia, numbness, affected eye movement

Question 4

what is traumatic uveitis

Answer 4

inflammation of the iris from blunt trauma

Question 5

what are symptoms of traumatic uveitis

Answer 5

photophobia, decreased visual acuity, floaters, intra-ocular tears, diffuse redness

Question 6

what is hyphaema

Answer 6

blood in anterior chamber

Question 7

how do you identify a dislocated lens and what is it associated with

Answer 7

can see suspensory ligaments (zonules), lens wobbles about - Marfans

Question 8

what is a retinal detachment and how can it be made worse

Answer 8

hole or tear in retina, fluid can get behind it and pull it off

Question 9

what does a detached retina look like

Answer 9

‘crinkly’ behind the retina

Question 10

what are symptoms of a detached retina

Answer 10

floaters, sudden flashes of light, ‘heavy eye’, shadow/ veiled view

Question 11

what is an optic nerve avulsion and what is it caused by

Answer 11

caused by blunt trauma to the head where optic nerve detaches from the retina and causes certain blindness

Question 12

how do you identify a bruised retina and what causes it

Answer 12

blunt trauma - retina is whitened and has blue spots

Question 13

what is sympathetic ophthalmia and what causes it

Answer 13

penetration in one eye leading to bilateral inflamm in both eyes (rare)

Question 14

what often causes corneal lacerations

Answer 14

something sharp flying into eye eg welding metal

Question 15

how do you identify corneal lacerations on an exam and with what test

Answer 15

iris prolapsing out - seidels dye test: fluoroscein dye

Question 16

where do foreign bodies commonly damage (5)

Answer 16

CORNEAL, sub-tarsal conjunctival, intra-ocular, intra-orbital

Question 17

what is an intraocular foreign body (IOFB), what commonly causes it and what must you ALWAYS do

Answer 17

fast moving particle in cornea/ conjunctiva/ lid - common hammer and chisel injury - always X-RAY

Question 18

what chemicals causes rapid, easy penetration of the eye

Answer 18

alkalis

Question 19

what affect to alkalis have on the conjunctiva

Answer 19

cicatrising effect

Question 20

what penetrating do acids have on the eye and how are they damaging

Answer 20

little penetration - coagulate proteins

Question 21

how do you treat chemical burns

Answer 21

immediate irrigation to dilute