Trauma Flashcards
what is a blow out fracture
direct damage to orbit causing an infraorbital fracture of orbital wall (usually inferior)
how do you identify a blow out fracture on imaging
tear drop sign CT
what are signs and symptoms of a blow out fracture
severe swelling, expothalamus, diplopia, numbness, affected eye movement
what is traumatic uveitis
inflammation of the iris from blunt trauma
what are symptoms of traumatic uveitis
photophobia, decreased visual acuity, floaters, intra-ocular tears, diffuse redness
what is hyphaema
blood in anterior chamber
how do you identify a dislocated lens and what is it associated with
can see suspensory ligaments (zonules), lens wobbles about - Marfans
what is a retinal detachment and how can it be made worse
hole or tear in retina, fluid can get behind it and pull it off
what does a detached retina look like
‘crinkly’ behind the retina
what are symptoms of a detached retina
floaters, sudden flashes of light, ‘heavy eye’, shadow/ veiled view
what is an optic nerve avulsion and what is it caused by
caused by blunt trauma to the head where optic nerve detaches from the retina and causes certain blindness
how do you identify a bruised retina and what causes it
blunt trauma - retina is whitened and has blue spots
what is sympathetic ophthalmia and what causes it
penetration in one eye leading to bilateral inflamm in both eyes (rare)
what often causes corneal lacerations
something sharp flying into eye eg welding metal
how do you identify corneal lacerations on an exam and with what test
iris prolapsing out - seidels dye test: fluoroscein dye
where do foreign bodies commonly damage (5)
CORNEAL, sub-tarsal conjunctival, intra-ocular, intra-orbital
what is an intraocular foreign body (IOFB), what commonly causes it and what must you ALWAYS do
fast moving particle in cornea/ conjunctiva/ lid - common hammer and chisel injury - always X-RAY
what chemicals causes rapid, easy penetration of the eye
alkalis
what affect to alkalis have on the conjunctiva
cicatrising effect
what penetrating do acids have on the eye and how are they damaging
little penetration - coagulate proteins
how do you treat chemical burns
immediate irrigation to dilute
