Papilledema Flashcards
what is papilledema
swelling of the optic disc due to increased CRANIAL pressure radiating to the optic nerve
what should a swollen disc be treated as until proven otherwise
raised ICP
what re symptoms (4) and papilledema
headaches / N&V / affected vision / ringing in ears
what are the signs (3) of papilledema
bulging disc / no disc to cup ratio / swollen vessels
what is the pathophysiology of papilledema
subarachnoid space around CNII is continuous with brain and so a raised ICP is transmitted along optic nerve
how do you check inter-cranial pressure
lumbar punture to obtain CSF
what is the inter-cranial pressure made up of in it’s closed system
80% brain 10% blood 10% CSF
what are risk factors for papilledema
head trauma (haemorrhage and swelling) / brain and spinal cord tumour / high BP / emboli and clot / pus from infection
what can cause increased ICP and CSF in the system (3)
obstructed CSF circulation / increased CSF production / inadequate absorption
what is idiopathic intracranial hypertension
common cause of bilateral disc swelling - obstructs CSF circulation and impairs absorption