Microbiology Flashcards
what are symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis
red eye, feels gritty, sticky discharge (lashes stuck together)
what organism can cause bacterial conjunctivitis in neonates (worrying)
staph A, N gonorrhoea, chlamydia
what organism can cause bacterial conjunctivitis in main population
Staph A, step pneumonia, haemi influenza
what treatment is given for bacterial conjunctivitis with different organisms (3)
chloramphenicol / fusidic acid (staph) / getnamicin (gram -ives eg pseudomonas)
what are symptoms of viral conjunctivitis
‘pink eye’, watery eye, skin rash around eye (H simplex), rash around face (H zoster)
what viruses can cause viral conjunctivitis
adenovirus, herpes simplex, herpes zoster
how do you treat viral conjunctivitis
acyclovir
what are symptoms of chlamydial conjunctivitis
chronic history, unresponsive, bilateral conjunctivitis in young people, urethritis/ vaginitis, ‘grains of rice’ (papillae) on eyelids –> scarring
how do you treat chlamydial conjunctivits
oxytetracycline (oral azithromycin if genitals)
what is bacterial keratitis (with hypopyon)
bacterial infection of the cornea (with pus in ant compartment of the eye)
what causes bacterial keratitis
usually from damage - sometimes spontaneous
how do you manage bacterial keratitis
admit, eye drops, scrape eye, quinolone (ofloxacin)/ gent/ cefuroxime)
who commonly gets acanthamoeba keratitis and what causes it
contact lenses - pseudomonas aeruginosa
how do you diagnose acanthamoeba keratitis
v painful eye, looks like halo, culture contact lenses
what viruses often cause viral keratitis
herpes and adenovirus
what can herpes cause in viral keratitis and how do you diagnose it
dendritic ulcers - fluorescein dye and looks like a tree (painful and recurrent)
what can adenovirus cause in viral keratitis
bilateral, contagious and often after URTI
how do you treat viral keratitis and what MUST be avoided
acyclovir - do NOT use steroids
who normally gets fungal keratitis
trauma or vegetation (farmers)
what is orbital cellulitis and what is it associated with
bag of pus at back of eye - assoc with sinus infection and post op
what are symptoms of orbital cellulitis
painful esp on movement, proptosis (eye sticking forward), pyrexia, sight threatened, swollen and red around orbit
what organisms can cause orbital cellulitis
staph, strep, coliforms, haem influenza, anaerobes
how do you treat orbital cellulitis
drained by ENT surgeon
what is endophthalmitis
devastating INFLAM infection from interior of eye
what commonly causes endophthalmitis and what is the infective organism
post surgical - staph epi (can be others)
what are symptoms of endophthalmitis
very painful, decreased vision, red eye, systemically unwell, injected vessels
how do you treat endophthalmitis
local anaesthesia, intravitreal: amikacin/ ceftazidime/ vanco
what is chorioretinits and what infective organisms usually cause it
inflammation of blood vessels on retina - cytomegalovirus (CMV), toxoplasmosis gondii and toxocara canis
when is CMV common
AIDS –> haemorrhagic retinitis
what causes toxoplasmosis in chorioretinitis and what are the symptoms
cats and raw meat - mild flu like illness (IgG)
what causes toxocara canis in chorioretinitis and what can causes irreversible vision loss
worms from cats and dogs - granuloma
how does chloramphenicol kill bacteria
inhibits protein synthesis
for what organisms is chloramphenicol bactericidal
strep and haemophilis
for what organisms is chloramphenicol bacteriorstatic
staph
which bacteria is chloramphenicol ineffective against
pseudomonas
what are side effects of chloramphenicol
allergy, grey baby syndrome (not for kids)
