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My2 Ophthalmology > Acute red eye > Flashcards

Acute red eye Flashcards

1
Q

what is blepharitis

A

inflammation of the eyelid margins

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2
Q

what is anterior vs posterior blepharitis

A

anterior is lid margin and not deeper lid whereas posterior is further back n eyelid

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3
Q

what are symptoms of blepharitis

A

gritty eyes / dry / mild discharge (can feel like conjunctivitis)

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4
Q

what can blepharitis be associated with

A

conjunctivitis, keratitis and episcleritis

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5
Q

what types of anterior blepharitis are there

A

seborrheic (scale on lashes) vs staph (infection of lash follicle)

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6
Q

what are symptoms of anterior seborrheic blepharitis

A

red lid margin, scale and dandruff (no ulceration and unaffected lashes)

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7
Q

what are symptoms of anterior staph blepharitis

A

red lid margin, distorted lashes, stys and ulcers, corneal staining

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8
Q

what causes posterior blepharitis

A

meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)

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9
Q

what are symptoms of MGD

A

lid margin and lashes unaffected / swelling in upper eyelids / dried secretion at gland opening / meibomian cysts

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10
Q

what is MGD associated with

A

acne rosacea (50%)

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11
Q

how do you manage blepharitis

A

lipid hygiene / tear drops / oral doxycycline for 2-3 months

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12
Q

what infective causes of conjunctivitis are there

A

viral, bacterial, chlamydial

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13
Q

what are common non-infective causes of conjunctivitis

A

ALLERGIC, chemical, eczema

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14
Q

what are symptoms of viral conjunctivitis

A

red eye / gritty sensation / discharge (sticky vs watery) / itch / oedema / UNaffected vision

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15
Q

what are symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

red sticky eye / papillae (chlamydia) / start in one eye and spread to the other

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16
Q

what causes bacterial conjunctivitis

A

staph A, strep pneumonia, H influenza, chlamydia

17
Q

how do you treat bacterial conjunctivitis

A

chloramphenicol (not pseudomonas)

18
Q

wha causes viral conjunctivitis

A

adenovirus, H simplex, H zoster (secondary to mollucusm contagiosium - pox virus)

19
Q

what are the layers of the cornea from anterior to posterior

A

epithelium - stroma - endothelium

20
Q

what are infective causes of corneal ulcers

A

viral, fingal, bacterial, acanthamoeba (contact lenses)

21
Q

what are systemic causes of corneal ulcers

A

RA, hypersensitivity, rarely small vessel vasculitis

22
Q

what are symptoms of corneal ulcers (5)

A

pain (needle like and severe) / photophobia / profuse lacrimation / red eye/ reduced vision

23
Q

what are signs of corneal ulcers (5)

A

circumcorneal redness / corneal reflex / corneal opacity / hypopyon / dendritic ulcers (HSV)

24
Q

what vitamin deficiency can cause corneal ulcers

A

Vit A

25
Q

how would you treat corneal ulcer depending on the cause

A

corneal scrape for culture –> bacterial: ofloxacin / herpetic: acyclovir / autoimmune: steroids and anti-inflamm

26
Q

what is anterior uveitis

A

inflammation of anterior uvea which consists of ciliary body, iris and choroid (in-between retina and sclera all around the eyeball) - aka iritis

27
Q

what are common causes of anterior uveitis

A

usually autoimmune but can be infective, traumatic, ischaemic or malignant

28
Q

what autoimmune causes can cause anterior uveitis

A

HLA B27 conditions: annk spondy, IBD, RA, sarcoidosis

29
Q

what infective and malignant causes can cause anterior uveitis

A

SYPHILLIS, TB, H simplex/ zoster, leukaemia

30
Q

what are symptoms of anterior uveitis (4)

A

dull, achy pain / photophobia / affected vision / excessive tears

31
Q

what are signs of anterior uveitis (5)

A

ciliary injective vessels around cornea / cells and flares in ant chamber / hypopyon / keratic precipitates (spots in front of pupil in cornea) / synechia (irregular pupil shape)

32
Q

how do you manage anterior uveitis

A

steroids (pred 4-6 weeks) / mydiatrics (cyclopentolate) / immunosuppression (DMARDS)

33
Q

what is episleritis

A

inflammation of the epislera - outermost layer of sclera just below conjunctiva

34
Q

what are symptoms of episleritis (5)

A

unilateral / normally patch of redness in one part of lateral eye/ mild pain, watering of eye / dilated episclera vessels

35
Q

how do you manage episcleritis

A

self-limiting and superficial - lubricants/ topical NSAIDs / mild steroids

36
Q

what is scleritis

A

serious inflammation of whole sclera

37
Q

what is scleritis associated with

A

RA, SLE sarcoidosis and GPA

38
Q

what are symptoms of uveitis

A

VV painful, pain on movement, injected deep vessels, photophobia

39
Q

how do you identify and treat scleritis

A

phenylephrine test - oral NSAIDs, topical steroids

My2 Ophthalmology (12 decks)

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