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PEL > Trauma > Flashcards

Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

What is special about the diagnostic criteria of PTSD?

A

It references a specific aetiology

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2
Q

What was the first country to officially recognise PTSD-like disorders?

A

Russia 1904-5

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3
Q

Do you have to personally experience the traumatic event in order to get the diagnosis of PTSD?

A

Nope - apart from experiencing it, you can either

  1. witness it
  2. learn about it happening to someone close to you
  3. experience repeated exposure to aversive details (eg a cop taking in child abuse stories)
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4
Q

Can you have a diagnosis of PTSD without reoccurring experiences of the trauma?

A

No

Reoccurring experiences of the trauma must be present to obtain the diagnosis

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5
Q

What are the two specifiers for PTSD?

A

DISSOCIATIVE SYMPTOMS

DELAYED EXPRESSION (diagostic criteria not met until 6 months after)

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6
Q

How many different symptom mixes to have a diagnosis for PTSD?

A

636,120

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7
Q

How many different symptom symptom mixes to have a diagnosis for MDD?

A

227

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8
Q

How many different symptom symptom mixes to have a diagnosis for Panic Disorder?

A

23,442

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9
Q

What is Lisa’s PTSD mnemonic?

A 
T - Traumatic event
R - Re-experience
A - Avoidance
U - Unable to function 
M - Month (at least)
A - Arousal
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10
Q

What is ACUTE STRESS DISORDER?

A

Basically PTSD for less than a month

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11
Q

What is the treatment response rate of PTSD?

A

50%

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12
Q

What percentage of road accident survivors end up with ACUTE STRESS DISORDER? (Dai et al 2018)

A

~16%

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13
Q

What do we learn about diagnostic flux in PTSD diagnosis over time from Bryant

A

How many passages there are from trauma to PTSD and to wellness

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14
Q

After experiencing trauma, what are the most common trajectories? (Galatzer-Levy, Hyang and Bonanno)

A

Four trajectories

1 - NO PTSD (66%)

2 - BAD, THEN BETTER (21%)

3 - DELAYED ONSET PTSD (11%)

4 - FULL BLOWN PTSD (9%)

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15
Q

How common are traumatic experiences (lifetime prevalence)?

A

Splits by gender

For men - 65%
For women - 50%

…and most report 2+ events

Prevalence is higher in clinical populations (up to 80%)

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16
Q

Do men and women experience the same forms of trauma?

A

Actually no,

Males - violence stuff basically

Women - sexual stuff, childhood neglect

17
Q

Gender differences in probabilities of developing PTSD after a traumatic event

A

Men - 8-13%

Women - 20-30%

18
Q

What types of trauma is most related to PTSD?

A

Trauma inflicted by a person, relative to trauma from say a natural event

19
Q

What PRE-trauma factors predispose to PTSD? There are 8. Name a couple.

A
  1. Being female
  2. Being neurotic
  3. Being young
  4. Low IQ
  5. Unstable family
  6. Pre-existing mood/anxiety disorder
  7. Family history of mood/anxiety disorder
  8. Biologically attenuated cortisol levels (HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS)
20
Q

What trauma-related factors predispose to PTSD?

A
  1. Type (interpersonal)
  2. Perceived degree of life threat
  3. Predictability/controllability
  4. Duration and frequency
21
Q

What PERI-trauma factors predispose to PTSD?

A
  1. Arousal-HR in acute post trauma phase

2. Dissociation at time of trauma

22
Q

What POST-trauma factors predispose to PTSD?

A
  1. Level of support
  2. Validation of experience
  3. Opportunity to ‘process’
23
Q

In terms of psychological processes associate with PTSD, what do we know about recall?

A

Contradictory…

High/vivid recall + vague and error prone memories

Flashbacks - different to normal episodic memory b/c dominated by sensory detail, but disjointed

Poor working memory

24
Q

Describe the most popular CB model of PTSD (Ehlers and Clark 2000)

A

Predisposing factors&raquo_space; trauma

Negative appraisals of stress and traum

Trauma memory (fear conditioning)

Have a look at the slide

25
Q

What is the aetiology of COMPLEX PTSD

A

Chromic and repeated trauma

Mostly child sex above survivors or family violence

26
Q

What did Cloitre (2013) in relation to COMPLEX PTSD?

A

Divided up study into the three groups, one of which aligned with complex PTSD symptoms (not just BPD either)

27
Q

What is ADJUSTMENT DISORDER?

A

Basically PTSD but without the event classifying as ‘trauma’

28
Q

How common is ADJUSTMENT DISORDER in acutely ill medical in-patients?

A

More common than depression (14% vs 5%)

29
Q

How common is ADJUSTMENT DISORDER in people experiencing a recurrence of cancer?

A

1/3

30
Q

What is the challenge in diagnosing ADJUSTMENT DISORDER?

A

There is no standardised diagnostic assessment tool

31
Q

In terms of psychological processes associate with PTSD, what do we know about cognitive appraisal?

A

A sense of responsibility for safety of self and loved ones

Some guilt and shame

32
Q

In terms of psychological processes associate with PTSD, what do we know about inner beliefs/schemas

A

Destroys trust in the world

33
Q

What’s the name of the disorder where you basically experience PTSD, but for less than a month?

A

ACUTE STRESS DISORDER?

PEL (17 decks)

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