Mood disorders

Question 1

When thinking about MOOD DISORDERS, what is the most basic distinction to think about?

Answer 1

Whether it is unipolar or bipolar

Question 2

What’s the ‘meh’ form of sadness?

Answer 2

Dysthymia

Question 3

What’s the name of being basically okay?

Answer 3

Euthymia

Question 4

What is the main things that distinguishes normal vs clinical depression? (4)

Answer 4

1. Intensity
2. Absence of precipitants
3. Quality
4. Associated features (somatic, cognitive)

Question 5

What led to the development of the DMDD condition in the DSM? (Disruptive Mood Dsyregulation Disorder)

Answer 5

The spike in diagnosis of bipolar in children

Question 6

For MDE, what are the two things that must be present (one of)?

Answer 6

Depressed mood

Diminished pleasure

Question 7

Why would a person with the ‘anxious distressed’ specifier of MDD not just get a diagnosis of anxiety?

Answer 7

Because they are only anxious in the context of their depression episodes

Question 8

What is the leading cause of disability globally?

Answer 8

Depression

Question 9

What is the rank of depression globally in ‘cause of years lived with disability’?

Answer 9

2

Question 10

Is depression more common in rich or poor countries?

Answer 10

Same same

Question 11

What percentage of people have a stable recovery from MDD?

Answer 11

~50%

Question 12

Wth MDD, how many people exhibit a chronic course?

Answer 12

~15%

Question 13

With MDD, how many people exhibit a recurrent course?

Answer 13

30-60%

Question 14

For what subtype of MDD might you prescribe an SNRI?

Answer 14

Anhedonia types

Question 15

What did we learn rom the STAR*D study?

Answer 15

• If you fail medication once, you very unlikely to have another one work
• the more treatments you fail, the more likely you are to fail other treatments

Question 16

What percentage people who suicide have MDD?

Answer 16

60%

Question 17

What is the risk factor or suicidality for people with relatives who have suicided? Or with MDD?

Answer 17

OR 1.7-10.6

Question 18

What was PERSISTENT DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (PDD) a replacement for?

Answer 18

Dysthymia

Question 19

What is the treatment for PERSISTENT DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (PDD)?

Answer 19

Same like MDD

Question 20

Is PERSISTENT DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (PDD) more or less likely than MDD to be treatment resistant?

Answer 20

More

Question 21

Why is PERSISTENT DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (PDD) often under-treated?

Answer 21

Because it becomes part of the person’s everyday experience and so they don’t seek treatment

Question 22

What treatments are offered for PMDD?

Answer 22

SSRIs

Hormones

CBT

Question 23

What the heritability of unipolar depression?

Answer 23

40-70%

Question 24

First-degree relatives of depressed individuals have a risk of …% of also eveloping depression

Answer 24

5-25%

Question 25

Name a brain region apparently linked to depression

Answer 25

Hippocampus But this is also linked to other psychiatric disorders

Question 26

How common are stressors in depressed patients?

Answer 26

2.5 x more likely

Question 27

What percentage of MDEs are preceded by major life event?

Answer 27

80%

Question 28

What is contained in Beck's negative triad?

Answer 28

World Self Future

Question 29

What's the different between Ellis and Beck?

Answer 29

Ellis goes hard into the schema Beck goes to negative's automatic events

Question 30

What are five depressogenic schemas that were on the slides?

Answer 30

- Fear of losing control - Fear of abandonment - Social undesirability - Incompetence - Deserve to be punished

Question 31

What is the difference between bipolar I and Bipolar II

Answer 31

Bipolar II has not mania (only hypomania) In Bipolar I you don't HAVE to have a MDE

Question 32

Does mixed features appear in Bipolar I or Bipolar II?

Answer 32

Both!

Question 33

What is CYCLOTHYMIA?

Answer 33

Two years of low lying symptoms (neither extremes)

Question 34

What are the most common clinical features of BIPOLAR?

Answer 34

During manic episodes - Elevated or irritable mood - Excessive activity - Racing thoughts - Reduced need for sleep During depressive episodes - Dysphoria with anhedonia - Suicidal ideation - Loss of energy - Poor concentration - Initial insomnia - Diminished libido

Question 35

What are the BIPOLAR classifiers

Answer 35

- Mixed features: - Depressive and manic features present during same episode - Anxious distress - Significant anxiety - Catatonia (unusual movement) - Melancholic features (profound sadness) - ’Atypical’ features - Rapid cycling

Question 36

What are some linked between BIPOLAR and PSYCHOSIS type symptoms?

Answer 36

- 89% had experienced psychotic symptoms - 20.5% experienced hallucinations - 85.7% had experienced delusions

Question 37

What is the best approach to treating BIPOLAR?

Answer 37

A mix of drugs and therapy