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PEL > Eating disorders > Flashcards

Eating disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two key factors to note about the diagnostic criteria for ANOREXIA NERVOSA (AN)?

A
  1. Undue influence of shape/weight on self-evaluation

2. Don’t recognise the problem they have

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2
Q

What are the two subtypes of ANOREXIA NERVOSA (AN)?

A
  1. Restricting type (AN-R)

2. Binge eating/purging (AN-BP)

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3
Q

Of ANOREXIA NERVOSA (AN) and BULIMIA NERVOSA (BN), in which condition do people experience a ‘subjective binge’?

A

ANOREXIA NERVOSA (AN)

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4
Q

What re the psychological factors associated with ANOREXIA NERVOSA - RESTRICTED type (AN-R)

A
  1. Perfectionism
  2. Harm avoidance (ask avoidance)
  3. Feeling of ineffectiveness
  4. Inflexible thinking
  5. Socially inhibited
  6. Overly restrained emotional response
  7. Some overlap with ASD
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5
Q

What are the clinical presentation features of signs of ANOREXIA NERVOSA - RESTRICTED type (AN-R)

A
  1. Gradually eliminating food
  2. Food rituals
  3. Preoccupation with food
  4. Ignoring hunger cues
  5. Baggy clothes to hide body
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6
Q

What are some physical effects of ANOREXIA NERVOSA (AN)?

A
  1. Lanugo-type hair
  2. Cardiac - heart stops after the fat there is used up
  3. Endocrine
  4. Gastro-intestinal
  5. Highest rate of death of any mental health condition
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7
Q

What are some cognitive changes in ANOREXIA NERVOSA (AN)?

A
  1. Mild Cognitive deficits - exec functioning
  2. Mostly improve with weight restoration

… can severely impact adolescent development

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8
Q

What are some key things about the diagnostic criteria of BULIMIA NERVOSA (BN)?

A
  1. Binge eating, large amount (ie it is not a ‘subjective binge’) - loss of control
  2. Does not occur exclusively during an AN episode
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9
Q

What is the duration threshold for eatin disorders, typically?

A

Once per week for 3 months

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10
Q

What rre the two subtypes of BULIMIA NERVOSA (BN)?

A
  1. Purging

2. Non-purging

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11
Q

What is something that frequently precedes BULIMIA NERVOSA (BN)?

A

Dieting

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12
Q

In what way is comorbidity different for BN and AN?

A

BN has substance abuse (probably associated with impulsivity)

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13
Q

Do people with BULIMIA NERVOSA (BN) recognise they have a problem?

A

Yep, unlike AN

but often don’t want to stop restricting, just binging

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14
Q

What are the two key diagnostic criteria for BINGE EATING DISORDER (BED)?

A
  1. NO REGULAR USE OF COMPENSATORY BEHAVIOURS
  2. Distress after binge eating
  3. Other things, like eating alone
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15
Q

What are some clinical features of BINGE EATING DISORDER (BED)?

A

Guilt/shame
Eating when not hungry
Eating for emotional control

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16
Q

What is OTHER SPECIFIED FEEDING OR EATING DISORDER (OSFED)?

A

Basically where you have clinically significant distress but doesn’t hit the criteria for AN/BN

17
Q

What some subtypes things in OSFED

A
  1. ATYPICAL AN - all criteria met, but weight loss is not out of healthy range
  2. PURGING DISORDER (purging without the binging) - still focused on body shape/weight
  3. NIGHT EATING DISORDER
18
Q

What is UNSPECIFIED FEEDIN AND EATING DISORDER (UFED), and when would you diagnose it?

A

It’s when there’s clearly something wrong clinically significant distress) but it doesn’t meet criteria for anything specific

Used when:

  • clinician chooses not to specify why criteria are not met
  • or presentations where there may be insufficient information to make a more specific diagnosis (e.g. in emergency room settings)
19
Q

What is AVOIDANT RESTRICTIVE FOOD INTAKE DISORDER (ARFID), and what are its two key features?

A

A feeding disorder! (basically aversion to food)

  1. Failure to get enough energy due restricting food intake
  2. No evidence of disturbance to body image
20
Q

What is PICA?

A

A feeding disorder in which people eat things that aren’t food

21
Q

What is RUMINATION DISORDER, and what is the key things about it?

A

Essentially, bringing your food back up.

They key thing is - it doesn’t happen exclusively in the course of an eating disorder like AN, BN, BED or ARFID

22
Q

What is DISORDERED EATING and what are some things about it?

A

A SUB-THRESHOLD pathology (ie not in DSM)

  1. Gateway behaviour to DSM grade ED
  2. Common in adolescence
23
Q

What is ORTHOREXIA and what are some things about it?

A

A SUB-THRESHOLD pathology (ie not in DSM)

Basically, Karen Medbury

24
Q

What is the key features of the Stice’s (2001) model of ED?

A

Pressure to be thin + thin-ideal internalisation

> > >

Body dissatisfaction

> > >

Dietary restrain + Negative affect

> > >

Bulimic symptoms

25
Q

What are key features of Fairburn’s trans diagnostic model of ED?

A
  • Dysfunctional scheme for self evaluation
  • Core low self esteem
  • Perfectionism
  • Mood intolerance
26
Q

What can we say about the aetiology of EATING DISORDERS (ED)?

A

Key risk factors:

  1. DIETING
  2. Personality factors - neuroticism, negative affect, perfectionism
  3. Body dissatisfaction
  4. Thinspo
  5. Perinatal factors
  6. Parental psychiatric factors
  7. Genetic factors
27
Q

What are the correlates of EATING DISORDERS (ED)?

A
  1. Childhood abuse
  2. some family environs
  3. weight based criticism
28
Q

hat do we know about gender and EATING DISORDERS (ED)?

A
  1. More females

But…

  1. 15% of gay men have ED
  2. 40% of men with ED are gay
29
Q

What does the evidence say about the impact of family environment/parents on the likelihood of EATING DISORDERS (ED)?

A

Less influential than you would think

Non-shared environment is the key thing

30
Q

How heritable are EATING DISORDERS (ED)?

A

40-60%

31
Q

What do meta analyses say about serotonin transporter and EATING DISORDERS (ED)?

A

Yeah but nah

32
Q

What did the GWAS studies say about EATING DISORDERS (ED)?

A

Maybe 1 sig locus of Chromosome 12, but also associated with psychiatric and metabolic factors

Maybe this means ED could be a metabolic thing?

33
Q

What are the three layers in the EATING DISORDERS (ED) aetiology model developed by Garner and Garfinkel?

A
  1. Predisposing - Genetics, biological, sociocultural
  2. Precipitating - stressors
  3. Perpetuating
34
Q

What is the best form of treatment for EATING DISORDERS (ED)?

A

Limited evidence for specific treatments, but FAMILY BASED treatment looks pretty good

35
Q

Are EATING DISORDERS (ED) treatable ED?

A

Yep defo

36
Q

When treating EATING DISORDERS (ED), what should you target first, behaviours or cognition?

A

Behaviours (surprisingly)

37
Q

What are the two key thing to keep in mind about OTHER SPECIFIED FEEDING OR EATING DISORDERS (OFSED), particularly the ATYPICAL ANOREXIA NERVOSA subtype?

A
  1. The person may not be underweight (hard to detect)

But…

  1. The health consequences can be just as severe as for AN

PEL (17 decks)

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