Anxiety Flashcards
What is the distinguishing feature of Achenbach’s model of psychopathology (2017)?
A tripartite distinction between disorders based on whether they are
- Internalsing
- externalising
- neither
In the HiTops model of psychopathology, where is anxiety slotted in?
Still under ‘fear’
What are two differences between anxiety and depression?
Depression has low positive affect (eg anhedonia)
Anxiety is more about arousal
What is a strong indicator of suicidality for depressed people?
The presence of anxiety
What is the most common class of mental disorder - anxiety, depression or schizotypal?
Anxiety disorders
What portion of disability adjusted life years for ALL disorders are accounted for by anxiety?
~4% (which is a lot)
Does anxiety usually precede depression or depression»_space; anxiety?
Actually both scenarios are equally common
If you have a patient with anxiety, should you give them drugs or therapy
It depends…
It’s really about the state of the anxiety - you might start with just relaxation exercises, then therapy, then therapy + drugs as the severity increases
Are Anxiety Disorders (in general) more common in men or women?
Women
Are SPECIFIC PHOBIAS more common in men or women?
Hmmm women, but it depends on age
Name one of the three key theories of the aetiology of SPECIFIC PHOBIAS?
- classical (associative) conditioning (but most people don’t recall the putative event)
- social learning
- flashbulbs memory
How effective is exposure therapy for SPECIFIC PHOBIA?
Very - 70 to 85% show improvement
What is one problem with treatment of SPECIFIC PHOBIAS?
People often quit therapy
Name one of the three etiological theories of PANIC DISORDER
- Cognitive theory - catastrophic misinterpretation of somatic and other experiences (but nocturnal panic attacks)
- Anxiety sensitive theory - some people are more sensitive to some things (like sweating etc)
- Alarm theory - False alarms will set you off
What is better for treating PANIC DISORDER, drugs or therapy?
No real difference
Of those who have AGORAPHOBIA, what percentage are lively to have it bad?
~40%
What is the aetiology of Agoraphobia, as outlined by Foamier et al (1984)
Same same like other anxiety disorders
Foa et al (1984)
External cues»_space; somatic sensation»_space; cognition»_space; increase anxiety
What is the treatment for AGORAPHOBIA?
Same same as for specific phobias
Name one of the three treatments for SAD?
- Exposure therapy - can fail due to distancing techniques Safety behaviours - Rehearsed speaking can be maladaptive
- APPLIED relaxation
- COGNITIVE RESTRUCTURING
But what are the MOST COMMON treatments for SAD?
A combination of exposure therapy and cognitive restructuring
What is the controversy around GAD?
Maybe waste basket diagnosis
Name one of the FIVE etiological theories about GAD
- AVOIDANCE MODEL OF WORRY (Borkovec) - you worry to avoid emotions (they trialled some therapy on this, but it did fck all)
- INTOLERANCE OF UNCERTAINTY MODEL - worry helps me reduce/manage uncertainty
- META COGNITIVE MODEL - people worry about worrying
- EMOTIONAL DYSREGULATION MODEL - GAD peeps feel intense emotions, can’y really manage them (but this might not really hold up)
PLUS THE NEWBY!!
- CONTRAST AVOIDANCE MODEL - reducing uncertainty
How treatable is GAD?
NOT VERY - Only about 50% of patients respond to treatment
With GAD, do drugs or therapy work best?
Inconclusive
