Lect 2 - Anxiety Flashcards
What were Achenbach’s (2017) three broad spectrum groups for psychopathology?
- Internalising
- externalising
- neither I nor E
What is Achenbach (2017) associated with?
Broad spectrum groupings of Psychopathology (internalising vs externalising vs neither)
How is anxiety difference from fear
Cognitive
threat is removed, distant, uncertain
Who is associated with the fear vs anxiety stuff?
LeDoux & Pine (2016)
What is LeDoux & Pine (2016) associated with?
fear vs anxiety stuff
What are the Anxiety Disorder in the DSM-V (hint: there are 7, of which we looked seriously at 5)
- Separation Anxiety Disorder
- Selective Mutism
- Specific Phobia
- Social Anxiety Disorder
- Panic Disorder
- Agoraphobia
- Generalised Anxiety Disorder
What are the three trajectories in Craske’s (2017) model of the generic aetiology of anxiety?
Traj 1 - transient, subthreshold
Traj 2 - onset of disorder
Traj 3 - secondary complications (comorbid depression etc)
What is Craske (2017) associated with
The generic aetiology of anxiety disorders
Which is better for OCD - drugs or therapy?
THERAPY by miles
Which is better for any anxiety disorder - drugs or therapy?
Therapy, marginally
Which is better for Panic disorder - drugs or therapy?
Bang on even
Which is better for SAD - drugs or therapy?
Drugs by a touch
What are the criteria for specific phobia? (5)
- Marked dear, anxiety or avoidance of objects of situations
- Fear is disproportionate
- Individual recognises fear is disproportionate
- Persists for at least 6 months
- Subtypes
Name two subtypes of specific phobia
Would accept
- animal
- natural environment
- blood/injection/injury
- situational (eg planes)
What is the time threshold for specific phobia?
6 months
What’s the term for when people overrepresent memories of certain events?
‘Flashbulb memories’
Specific phobias response well to treatment, T/F?
TRUE - 70-85% show significant improvement
In the context of specific phobias, name two types of exposure therapy
- In vivo
- imaginary
- virtual reality
In the context of specific phobia, premature termination of treatment is uncommon, T/F?
FALSE
What is the criteria for Panic Disorder (3)
- Recurrent unexpected panic attacks
- Concern about having more panic attacks, maladaptive stuff
- Last for at least 1 month
Whar’s the time threshold for PANIC DISORDER
1 Month
What is the typical onset period for PANIC DISORDER?
18-29
Does having a low household income make you more likely to get panic disorder?
Yup
In the context of PANIC DISORDER, what is the name given to the model of aetiology that goes like this ‘trait-like belief that somatic symptoms cause deleterious physical, psychological or social consequences beyond what is immediately associated with a panic attack’… (hint: AST)
Anxiety Sensitivity Theory
Reiss, McNally, Schmidt
What two broad groups of drugs are used for PANIC DISORDER?
- Antidepressent (SSRI, SNRI)
- Benzos
What are the criteria for AGORAPHOBIA (5)
- Marked fear/anxiety/avoidance of situations such as… open spaces, closed spaces, lines, crows, outside
- Fear that escape might be difficult/impossible in the event of panic like symptoms
- Fear is disproportionate
- Individual disproportionateness
- Lasts for 6+ months
What is the time threshold for AGORAPHOBIA?
6 months
Do people with AGORAPHOBIA all experience panic attacks?
Nope
45-85% of them doo, tho
It is common for AGORAPHOBIA to go into remission, T/F
FALSE
only 10% experience remission
What are the criteria for SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER? (7)
- Marked fear/anxiety/avoidance of social interactions or being scrutinised or centre of attention
- Fear of negative judgement from others, particularly being embarrassed, humiliated, rejected, or offending others
- Fear is disproportionate
- Individual recognises disproportionality
- Physical symptoms (or fear of) - blushing, vomiting, incontinence
- Persist for 6+ months
- Can be limited to performance situations only
What’s the time threshold for SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER?
6 months
Is it more or less common for Social Anxiety Disorder to onset before age 20
More
75% have onset before 20
What are the criteria for GENERALISED ANXIETY DISORDER?
- Excessive worry on more days than not for at least 6 months
- Person finds it difficult to control the worry
- The anxiety and worry associated with at least three for the following six things:
i) restlessness, being keyed up
ii) easily fatigued
iii) concentration
iv) irritability
v) muscle tension
vi) sleep disturbance - Anxiety et causes clinically significant distress/impairement
- disturbance is not due to drugs/medical condition
- Disturbance is not better explained by another disorder
GAD is commonly comorbid with other mental disorders, T/F
TRUE
What are the four models for the aetiology of GAD?
- ‘Avoidance Model of Worry’ (Borkovec)
- ‘Intolerance of Uncertainty Model (Dugas & Ladouceur)
- Metacognitive model (Wells)
- Emotional Dsyregulation Model (Mennin)
For GAD, do drugs or therapy work better?
Currently inconclusive
How responsive is GAD to treatment?
50/50
