Lect 2 - Anxiety

Question 1

What were Achenbach’s (2017) three broad spectrum groups for psychopathology?

Answer 1

1. Internalising
2. externalising
3. neither I nor E

Question 2

What is Achenbach (2017) associated with?

Answer 2

Broad spectrum groupings of Psychopathology (internalising vs externalising vs neither)

Question 3

How is anxiety difference from fear

Answer 3

Cognitive

threat is removed, distant, uncertain

Question 4

Who is associated with the fear vs anxiety stuff?

Answer 4

LeDoux & Pine (2016)

Question 5

What is LeDoux & Pine (2016) associated with?

Answer 5

fear vs anxiety stuff

Question 6

What are the Anxiety Disorder in the DSM-V (hint: there are 7, of which we looked seriously at 5)

Answer 6

1. Separation Anxiety Disorder
2. Selective Mutism
3. Specific Phobia
4. Social Anxiety Disorder
5. Panic Disorder
6. Agoraphobia
7. Generalised Anxiety Disorder

Question 7

What are the three trajectories in Craske’s (2017) model of the generic aetiology of anxiety?

Answer 7

Traj 1 - transient, subthreshold
Traj 2 - onset of disorder
Traj 3 - secondary complications (comorbid depression etc)

Question 8

What is Craske (2017) associated with

Answer 8

The generic aetiology of anxiety disorders

Question 9

Which is better for OCD - drugs or therapy?

Answer 9

THERAPY by miles

Question 10

Which is better for any anxiety disorder - drugs or therapy?

Answer 10

Therapy, marginally

Question 11

Which is better for Panic disorder - drugs or therapy?

Answer 11

Bang on even

Question 12

Which is better for SAD - drugs or therapy?

Answer 12

Drugs by a touch

Question 13

What are the criteria for specific phobia? (5)

Answer 13

1. Marked dear, anxiety or avoidance of objects of situations
2. Fear is disproportionate
3. Individual recognises fear is disproportionate
4. Persists for at least 6 months
5. Subtypes

Question 14

Name two subtypes of specific phobia

Answer 14

Would accept

1. animal
2. natural environment
3. blood/injection/injury
4. situational (eg planes)

Question 15

What is the time threshold for specific phobia?

Answer 15

6 months

Question 16

What’s the term for when people overrepresent memories of certain events?

Answer 16

‘Flashbulb memories’

Question 17

Specific phobias response well to treatment, T/F?

Answer 17

TRUE - 70-85% show significant improvement

Question 18

In the context of specific phobias, name two types of exposure therapy

Answer 18

1. In vivo
2. imaginary
3. virtual reality

Question 19

In the context of specific phobia, premature termination of treatment is uncommon, T/F?

Answer 19

FALSE

Question 20

What is the criteria for Panic Disorder (3)

Answer 20

1. Recurrent unexpected panic attacks
2. Concern about having more panic attacks, maladaptive stuff
3. Last for at least 1 month

Question 21

Whar’s the time threshold for PANIC DISORDER

Answer 21

1 Month

Question 22

What is the typical onset period for PANIC DISORDER?

Answer 22

18-29

Question 23

Does having a low household income make you more likely to get panic disorder?

Answer 23

Yup

Question 24

In the context of PANIC DISORDER, what is the name given to the model of aetiology that goes like this ‘trait-like belief that somatic symptoms cause deleterious physical, psychological or social consequences beyond what is immediately associated with a panic attack’… (hint: AST)

Answer 24

Anxiety Sensitivity Theory

Reiss, McNally, Schmidt

Question 25

What two broad groups of drugs are used for PANIC DISORDER?

Answer 25

• Antidepressent (SSRI, SNRI)

- Benzos

Question 26

What are the criteria for AGORAPHOBIA (5)

Answer 26

1. Marked fear/anxiety/avoidance of situations such as… open spaces, closed spaces, lines, crows, outside
2. Fear that escape might be difficult/impossible in the event of panic like symptoms
3. Fear is disproportionate
4. Individual disproportionateness
5. Lasts for 6+ months

Question 27

What is the time threshold for AGORAPHOBIA?

Answer 27

6 months

Question 28

Do people with AGORAPHOBIA all experience panic attacks?

Answer 28

Nope

45-85% of them doo, tho

Question 29

It is common for AGORAPHOBIA to go into remission, T/F

Answer 29

FALSE

only 10% experience remission

Question 30

What are the criteria for SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER? (7)

Answer 30

1. Marked fear/anxiety/avoidance of social interactions or being scrutinised or centre of attention
2. Fear of negative judgement from others, particularly being embarrassed, humiliated, rejected, or offending others
3. Fear is disproportionate
4. Individual recognises disproportionality
5. Physical symptoms (or fear of) - blushing, vomiting, incontinence
6. Persist for 6+ months
7. Can be limited to performance situations only

Question 31

What’s the time threshold for SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER?

Answer 31

6 months

Question 32

Is it more or less common for Social Anxiety Disorder to onset before age 20

Answer 32

More

75% have onset before 20

Question 33

What are the criteria for GENERALISED ANXIETY DISORDER?

Answer 33

1. Excessive worry on more days than not for at least 6 months
2. Person finds it difficult to control the worry
3. The anxiety and worry associated with at least three for the following six things:
   i) restlessness, being keyed up
   ii) easily fatigued
   iii) concentration
   iv) irritability
   v) muscle tension
   vi) sleep disturbance
4. Anxiety et causes clinically significant distress/impairement
5. disturbance is not due to drugs/medical condition
6. Disturbance is not better explained by another disorder

Question 34

GAD is commonly comorbid with other mental disorders, T/F

Answer 34

TRUE

Question 35

What are the four models for the aetiology of GAD?

Answer 35

1. ‘Avoidance Model of Worry’ (Borkovec)
2. ‘Intolerance of Uncertainty Model (Dugas & Ladouceur)
3. Metacognitive model (Wells)
4. Emotional Dsyregulation Model (Mennin)

Question 36

For GAD, do drugs or therapy work better?

Answer 36

Currently inconclusive

Question 37

How responsive is GAD to treatment?

Answer 37

50/50