Lect 3 - Mood disorders Flashcards
What two categories do mood disorders divide into?
- Depressive disorders
2. Bipolar and related disorders
What is the name given to poor mood which has not reached the levels of depression?
Dysthymia
What are the four types of mood disorder we studied?
D M P P
C M P P
- Disruptive Mood Regulation Disorder
- Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
- Persistent Depressive Disorder
- Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
D M P P
Which is the mood disorder that only occurs in children?
Disruptive Mood Regulation Disorder
What is Disruptive Mood Regulation Disorder?
The one that appears only in kids. Tantrum stuff. Quite new
What’s the age of onset requirement for Disruptive Mood Regulation Disorder?
Must be prior to 10 years
With MDD, what are the two symptoms that MUST be present for a diagnosis
- Diminished mood
2. Diminished pleasure/interest
With MDD, of the nine symptoms, how many must be present, and for how long?
- Five of the nine
- Two weeks
What is the rough lifetime prevalence of MDD?
20%
According to Hasin (2018), what proportion of MDD patients are ‘anxious distressed’?
75%
What did Otte et all (2016) tell us about MDD
- Equally prevalent in rich and poor countries
- Associated with heaps of other health problems
Roughly what proportion of MDD patients recover in a stable way?
40-60%
Roughly what portion of MDD patients exhibit chronic course? (Steinert (2014))
15%
What did the STAR*D study show us?
Likelihood of achieving remission is limited and declines with each treatment attempt
What did Turecki & Brent tell us about?
Suicide risk
What distinguishes Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) from MDD?
It’s less severe, but must be long lasting (more days than not for 2 years)
Think go it as low level, chronic depression
Is PDD more or less likely to be treatment resistant than MDD?
More (treatment resistant)
What is the estimated heritability of unipolar depression?
40-70%
Otte, 2016
What neural region was mentioned on the slides as being implicated in depression?`
The Hippocampus
Otte, 2016
How much more likely are depressed patents to have experienced stressors in their life?
(Otte, 2016)
2.5 times
Roughly what proportion of MDEs are preceded by a major life event?
80%
What are the three components in the ‘negative triad’conceived of by Beck
- Negative views about the WORLD
- Negative views about the FUTURE
- Negative views about SELF
How to Ellis and Beck differ in their approaches to CBT?
Ellis says target the underlying assumptions/schema
Beck says target the negative automatic thoughts
What are some of the cognitive aetiologies of depression?
- Fear of losing control
- Fear of abandonment
- Social undesirability
- Incompetence
- Deserve to be punished
What are the two main differences between Bipolar I and Bipolar II?
Bipolar II never reaches full ‘mania’, only gets as far as ‘hypomania’
ALSO - Bipolar I doesn’t NEED to have MDE (but usually does
Does the ‘mixed features’ symptomatology appear in Bipolar I, Bipolar II, or both?
Vieta (2018)
Both
Vieta (2018)
How long does the mania have to last to be called a ‘manic episode’?
A week (unless hospitalised - this is automatic qualification)
Can you have psychotic features with a manic episode?
Yup
One Aust study had it at ~89%
What’s the difference between a manic and a hypomanic episode?
Hypomania is shorter - only 4+ days
What is Cyclothymic disorder
2 years of despressive and hypomanic symptoms, but which never hit the levels of Mania or MDE
Rough age of onset for Bipolar?
~20
Is ‘anxious distress’ a specifier for Bipolar?
Vieta 2018
Yes
Can CBT alone treat Bipolar?q
Nope, not alone
What is the go to treatment for Bipolar?
Vieta 2018
Pharmacology - mood stabilisers and antipsychotics
Vieta 2018
