trauma

Question 1

What are the two main types of trauma according to Terr (1991)?

Answer 1

Type I: Single, well-defined events (like accidents, natural disasters)
Type II: Chronic trauma (like neglect, maltreatment, abuse)⁠

Question 2

What are the three main categories of trauma?

Answer 2

1. Acute Trauma: Single traumatic event limited in time
2. Chronic Trauma: Experience of multiple traumatic events
3. Complex Trauma: Both exposure to chronic trauma and its impact on an individual⁠

Question 3

What are the key symptoms of childhood PTSD?

Answer 3

Intrusion
Avoidance
Negative mood/cognition changes
Hyper arousal⁠

Question 4

What are the prevalence rates of childhood trauma and PTSD?

Answer 4

USA: 62% of adolescents experience trauma, 15.9% develop PTSD
UK: 7.8% of trauma-exposed children develop PTSD by 18
UK (2019): 31.1% of children experienced trauma

Question 5

What factors influence trauma risk and impact?

Answer 5

Child’s age and developmental stage
Temperament and unique attributes
Relationship with people involved
Others’ reactions
Cultural and social context
Power dynamics
Nature of trauma
Protective factors

Question 6

How does developmental trauma progress through age stages?

Answer 6

Infancy: Regulatory disorder
Preschool: Attachment disorders
School age: Hyperkinetic conduct disorder
Adolescence: Combined conduct and emotional disorders
Young adulthood: Personality disorder with potential substance abuse and self-harm

Question 7

Which types of trauma have the highest risk of PTSD?

Answer 7

Interpersonal violence (including rape, sexual assault, physical abuse): 30-70% risk
War and conflict exposure: 46% risk
Refugee children and child soldiers: 35-97% risk⁠

Question 8

What are key risk factors for developing PTSD in children?

Answer 8

Gender: Girls are 2-3 times more likely
Previous mental health difficulties
Poor family functioning
Parent PTSD symptoms
Lack of social support