autism

Question 1

Who first described autism and when?

Answer 1

Leo Kanner in 1943, describing it as “inborn autistic disturbances of affective contact” and noting a “powerful desire for sameness”.

Question 2

What is the current understanding of autism?

Answer 2

A relatively common neurodevelopmental condition, usually with normal-range IQ, representing natural human variation with both challenges and strengths.

Question 3

How common is autism?

Answer 3

Occurs in 1-2% of both children and adults.

Question 4

What percentage of people with autism have normal-range IQ?

Answer 4

50-70% have normal-range IQ and fluent language.

Question 5

What are the main mental health conditions associated with autism?

Answer 5

• 40% have anxiety disorders
• 11% experience depression
• Higher rates of burnout, inertia, meltdowns, and shutdowns.

Question 6

How do mental health presentations differ by gender?

Answer 6

Girls are more likely to experience self-harm and mental health crises, while boys tend to show more externalizing behaviors.

Question 7

What are the effects of late diagnosis?

Answer 7

Diagnosis after age 8 increases likelihood of co-morbid mental health issues. Masking behaviors are linked to higher anxiety, depression, and suicide risk.

Question 8

What are key elements of autism support?

Answer 8

• Full access to health and social care services
• Reasonable adjustments
• Tailored psychosocial interventions
• Adapted CBT with visual aids and parent involvement.