tourette's Flashcards
1
Q
Who are the key behavioral theorists and their contributions?
A
- Pavlov (1901): Classical conditioning
- Watson (1934): Behavioral prediction and control
- Skinner (1971): Operant conditioning
- Bandura (1963): Social learning through observation
2
Q
What is the DSM-V definition of Tourette’s?
A
Multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic persisting for over 12 months, with changing severity patterns
3
Q
What are the epidemiological facts about TS?
A
- First identified by Gilles de la Tourette in 1885
- Male-to-female ratio: 3-4:1
- Prevalence: ~1 in 100 children
4
Q
What is the genetic basis of TS?
A
- 90% concordance in identical twins
- Key genes found on Chromosomes 2 and 13
5
Q
What are the key features of tics?
A
- Involuntary but suppressible
- Can be simple (blinking, grunting) or complex (kissing, coprolalia)
- Release tension/satisfaction after performing
- Preceded by premonitory urge
6
Q
What is the typical progression of TS?
A
- Onset around age 6
- Starts with simple tics
- Most improve by early adolescence
- 30% continue into adulthood with reduced severity
7
Q
What are the common comorbid conditions with TS?
A
- OCD: 30-50%
- ADHD: 50-60%
- Behavioral problems: 80%
- ASD: 5-15%
- Mood/anxiety disorders: ~30%
8
Q
What are the main components of CBIT treatment?
A
- Psychoeducation
- Functional Assessment
- Habit Reversal Training (HRT)
- Awareness training
- Competing Response training
9
Q
What defines successful treatment?
A
- Aim for 25% reduction in tics
- Consider both statistical and clinical differences
- HRT shows medium effect size (~.65), equivalent to drug therapy
