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Intro To Forensics > Trauma > Flashcards

Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

Contusions

A

Skin discoloration caused by ruptured blood vessels (bruising)

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2
Q

Abrasions

A

Scrapes that occur from skin being scraped away through friction
-Can be superficial or deeo

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3
Q

Lacerations

A

Tears of the skin, associated with blunt weapons

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4
Q

Pattern injury

A

Injury where size/shape is consistent with the object that created it

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5
Q

Petechiae

A

Pinpoint marks in the eyes of a hanged person as a result of burst capillaries

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6
Q

What should be done if a body is found with a ligature around the neck

A

Cut the ligature above the knot and leave the ligature on the neck

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7
Q

Manual vs ligature strangulation

A

Manual: Hands or arms being used to compress the throat

Ligature: Strangulation via object (like cords or rope)

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8
Q

Types of sharp force trauma

A

Incised-Wound is longer than it is deep
Chopping-Created by large weapons
Stab-Wound is deeper than it is long
Defense-Self explanatory
Superficial-Surface wound

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9
Q

Tight contact wound

A

Firearm was pressed firmly against skin at time of discharge

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10
Q

Loose contact wound

A

Distance between weapon and skin at point of discharge

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11
Q

Intermediate Range Wounds

A

Powder tattooing is seen; flakes of unburned powder strike the skin with enough force to embed themselves

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12
Q

Exit wounds are typically….

A

Larger and more irregular than the entrance wound

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13
Q

Exit wounds may appear

A

In a crescent, circular, star, or slit shape

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14
Q

If an exit wound is slit like, the bullet will be….

A

Near the body

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15
Q

If the deceased has soot in the lower airway, they were

A

Alive at the time the fire started

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16
Q

Death via electrocution may occur from

A

Direct or alternating currents

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17
Q

Blood spatters are much larger on ____ surfaces than they are on ____ surfaces.

A

Rough-textured; smooth

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18
Q

The ___ end of an elongated bloodstain usually points in ________.

A

Narrow; the direction of travel

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19
Q

If the angle of impact is 90°, the resulting bloodstain

A

Will generally be circular in shape

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20
Q

Blood drops that strike a target at an angle less than 90° will create

A

Elliptical bloodstains with varied shapes

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21
Q

Back spatter

A

Backward ejections of material (blood)

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22
Q

Satellite spatter

A

Single drops of blood producing small spatters around the parent stain because of striking a rough target surface

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23
Q

Drip patterns

A

Occur when blood drops fall into previously deposited wet bloodstains

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24
Q

Castoff patterns

A

Occur when there are subsequent blows to a same general area where a wound has occurred

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25
Q

Expirated bloodstain

A

Accumulation of blood being expelled from the nose or mouth

26
Q

Skeletonized stain

A

What occurs when the center of a dried bloodstain flakes away and leaves a visible outer rim

27
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Release of blood from a broken blood vessel

28
Q

Hematoma

A

Trapped pool of blood

29
Q

Fractures

A

Bending or breaking of bone

30
Q

Types of mechanical asphyxia

A

Strangulation
Hanging
Smothering

31
Q

Compression laceration

A

Skin is squeezed against bones until it bursts

32
Q

Incisions often have

A

Tapered edges

33
Q

Puncture wounds

A

Commonly the result of getting shot

34
Q

Difference between entry and exit wounds

A

Entry wounds are neat and circular, exit wounds are irregular in shape

35
Q

Less than 6” shooting distance usually results in

A

Seared or burned wounds
Powder deeply embedded in skin

36
Q

6-12” inches of distance results in

A

Gas fouling
Powder stippling

37
Q

12-36 inches results in

A

Only stippling

38
Q

36+ inches results in

A

an entry wound only

39
Q

Gas fouling

A

Black circle around entry wound

40
Q

Features of a (superficial) first degree burn

A

Reddened skin

41
Q

Features of (partial thickness) second degree burns

A

Blisters & deep dermal damage

42
Q

Features of (full thickness) third degree burns

A

Dermis (living layer of skin) is cooked and destroyed; skin is charred and will scar

43
Q

Fire induced burns vs scalds

A

Fire results in blackening, scalding cooks the skin off

44
Q

Thermal asphyxia

A

Burns the trachea and alveoli

45
Q

Indicator of inhalation of CO

A

bright pink tissues

46
Q

Fibrillation

A

The inability of the heart to effectively pump blood

47
Q

Cardiac tetany

A

Heart has stopped due to electricity

48
Q

What usually occurs between 65 and 100 mA?

A

Cardiac fibrillation

49
Q

What occurs after 1000 mA?

A

Cardiac tetany

50
Q

Types of chemical trauma

A

Environmental
Accidental
Recreational
Prescription
OTC

51
Q

Common chemical trauma

A

Ethanol (Alcohol)
Drug overdose
Carbon monoxide
Pesticides
Insect stings

52
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

Incomplete break on convex surface

53
Q

Fissured fracture

A

Incomplete longitudinal break

54
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Complete break, fragments bone

55
Q

Transverse fracture

A

Complete break at right angle to axis of bone

56
Q

Oblique fraction

A

Occur at any non-right angle to axis of bone

57
Q

Lead snowstorm

A

White fragments of lead around missing tissue

58
Q

Whats a dead giveaway that a wound is an incision?

A

Clean edges where the skin is cut

59
Q

Ripped skin is the result of a…

A

Laceration

60
Q

The presence of double black eyelids is a strong indicator of….

A

Basilar skull fracture

Intro To Forensics (19 decks)

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