Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Intro To Forensics > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

A lethal dose is typically….

A

Higher than a therapeutic dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Symptoms of a stimulant

A

Reduced appetite
Elevated heart rate
Increased blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fatal dose varies based on

A

Weight and gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Free base

A

The amino group within the cocaine has lost a hydrogen atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Crack cocaine

A

Makes a crackling sound when heated to the volatilization point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Xenobiotic

A

Substances foreign to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The main reason driving the production of designer drugs is

A

A desire to avoid legal controls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Retention time

A

The time when a compound emerges from the chromatography column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which bodily fluid doesn’t putrefy quickly?

A

Vitreous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Some schedule I drugs

A

Heroin
MDMA
LSD
Marijuana
Bath salts
(no nationwide approved medical use)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ADME

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Opiate

A

Large class of drugs capable of relieving pain and causing euphoria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What kind of change does a drug cause once ingested?

A

Physiological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Forensic Drug Analysis

A

process of examining and identifying materials which contain controlled substances (i.e., drugs) and/or their precursors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chromatography

A

physical method of separation that works by partitioning complex mixtures of substances into individual components based on interactions between a stationary and mobile phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gas chromatography

A

Thin hollow tube, walls of tube are coated with a viscous liquid, mobilephase is an inert gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Liquid chromatography

A

mobile phase is pushed through the stationary phase with high pressure pumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Thin-layer chromatography

A

uses a solid stationary phase and a liquid mobile phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

With a gas or liquid chromatograph, the location of the peak on the X axis is measured in _____ and indicates the ____. The size of the peak indicates _______.

A

time; identity of the chemical; the amount of the chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

With a mass spectrometer, the location of the peak on the X axis tells us the ______, and indicates ______. The size of the peak tells us ______.

A

ion size; part of the molecular structure; how common that fragment is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

I have a sample of street cocaine that I believe to be cut with a variety of other materials. Which would be the appropriate test to figure out what all is in my sample?

A

gas chromatography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When using the gas chromatograph (GC) to determine someone’s BAC, the we must have a peak emerge at the correct _____ to demonstrate that ethanol was present, and the ______ demonstrates the amount of the drug present.

A

time; peak size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Narcotics

A

drugs that relieve pain by depressing an action in the central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Depressants

A

depress functions within the central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Stimulants

A

increase an individual’s alertness or activity level and can lead to decrease in fatigue and loss of appetite

26
Q

Hallucinogens

A

cause changes in normal thought processes, perceptions, and moods

27
Q

Schedule I drugs

A

high potential for abuse and have no currently accepted medical use

28
Q

Schedule II drugs

A

high potential for abuse and have medical use but there are severe restrictions on this use

29
Q

Schedule III drugs

A

less potential for being abused and have a currently accepted medical use

30
Q

Schedule IV/V drugs

A

low potential for abuse and have a current medical use

31
Q

Microcrystalline tests

A

identify specific drug substances by studying the size and shape of the crystals that form when drugs are mixed with specific reagents

32
Q

Duquenois-Levine

A

used for marijuana, produces a purple color

33
Q

Ehrlich’s

A

used for LSD, produces a purple color

34
Q

Marquis

A

used for (meth)amphetamine, produces orange and red

35
Q

Cobalt Thiocyanate

A

used for cocaine, produces blue precipitate in pink solution

36
Q

Dille-Koppanyi and Zwikker

A

used for barbiturates, produces a purple color

37
Q

A new drug from China causes you to feel super energetic and happy. It makes it unsafe to drive or operate machines like a toaster oven, and is commonly taken by young people. Doctors don’t know what to do with it. Given that inforamtion, how should this new drug be scheduled?

A

Schedule I

38
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Drugs primarily used to treat anxiety

39
Q

Amphetamines

A

Pills (mostly) used for stimulant and happy-feeling purposes

40
Q

A woman believes that she has been sexually assaulted after someone added rohypnol (a benzodiazepine) to her drink. However, she has also been prescribed Xanax for anxiety. If a blood test comes back positive for benzodiazepines, what would you believe?

A

It is impossible to determine with this test

41
Q

Recently, most states have legalized cannabinoid consumption, so long as it does not contain more than 0.3% of the significantly psychotropic cannabinoid _______

A

THC

42
Q

A toxicologist would be involved in the identification and quantification of which materials?

A

Nicotine
Fumocoumarin
Ritalin

43
Q

Ricin

A

potent nerve poison that can be produced from the castor bean (aka castor oil) plant

44
Q

The correct presumptive test for percoset (an opiate pain medication) would be

A

urine immunoassay

45
Q

Drugs don’t appear in the urine until

A

after they’ve been metabolized

46
Q

Formula for calculating lethal dose

A

(Weight * LD50)/(Pill Concentration) = # of Pills

47
Q

Spectrophotometer produces what information?

A

Objectively defines color
Absorbance is a function of structure

48
Q

Chromotagraph produces what information?

A

Separates a mixture of chemicals into component parts

49
Q

Spectrometer produces what information?

A

Compares the structure of a known chemical with an unknown chemical

50
Q

When do we use spectrophotometers?

A

Need to avoid harming evidence
Material unlikely to be a mixture

51
Q

When do we use chromatography?

A

When evidence is a complete mixture
We need to quantify components

52
Q

When do we use mass spectrometry?

A

When evidence is unknown
When we need to identify a specific chemical structure

53
Q

Clandestine Drugs

A

Illegal drugs produced by groups or individuals

54
Q

Examples of illicit amphetamines

A

Methamphetamine and MDMA

55
Q

Exogenous

A

made outside of the body

56
Q

Mathieu Orfila

A

father of toxicology

57
Q

Steps of drug processing in the body

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination

58
Q

Metabolites

A

intermediate breakdown products

59
Q

Enzymes in the digestive system attack materials that are _______

A

swallowed

60
Q

Analog drugs

A

Drugs that are similar but not identical to existing drugs

Intro To Forensics (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions