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KIN 370 > Transtheoretical Model (TTM) > Flashcards

Transtheoretical Model (TTM) Flashcards

1
Q

Transtheoretical Model (TTM)

  • aka?
  • originally developed to?
A

“Stages of Change” Model

to treat addictive disorders

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2
Q

TTM

  • includes several different constructs (4)
A
  • assesses individual’s readiness to act on healthier behavior & provides strategies (processes of change) to guide them through stages of change
    1) Stages of Change - dependent variable
    2) Decisional Balance
    3) Confidence vs. Temptation
    4) Processes of Change
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3
Q

1) Stages of Change

A

specifies that individuals move through (5) stages of change

1-3 → pre-action

4-5 → post-action

  • people are assumed to move through stages in order but may relapse to earlier stage*
  • this stage model is conceptualized as a spiral since relapse is a rule rather than an exception*
  • may cycle through stages several times before achieving long-term behavior change
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4
Q

2) Decisional Balance

A

aka pros & cons

  • percieved advantages & disadvantages of changes one’s behavior
  • decisional balance shifts in critical ways as individuals progress through stages of change*
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5
Q

3) Confidence

  • define
  • similar to?
  • related construct?
A

similar to Bandura’s construct → self-efficacy (SE)

refers to confidence that one can carry out recommended behavior across range of potentially difficult situations

related construct = temptation

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6
Q

3) Confidence

  • related construct → Temptation
    • ​refers to?
A

refers to temptation to engage in unhealthy behavior across range of difficult situations

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7
Q

4) Processes of Change

A

covert & overt activities that people engage in to progress through stages of change

  • result in strategies that help people make & maintain change
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8
Q

4) Processes of Change
* divided into (2) groups

A

Experiential

Behavioral

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9
Q

4) Processes of Change → Experiential (5)

A

cognitive-affective processes

a) Consciousness raising
b) Dramatic Relief
c) Environmental Reevaluation
d) Social Liberation
e) Self Reevaluation

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10
Q

4) Processes of Change → Experiential

a) Consciousness raising

A

increasing awareness of facts/ideas/tips that support healthy behavior change

& of causes/consequences/cures for problem behavior

Interventions: feedback, information/education

1-2

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11
Q

4) Processes of Change → Experiential

b) Dramatic Relief

A

experiencing negative emotions that accompany unhealthy behavioral risks

Intervention(s): provide fear-arousing feedback on risks & success stories to move people emotionally

1-2

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12
Q

4) Processes of Change → Experiental

c) Environmental Reevaluation

A

Assessing positive/negative impact of healthy/unhealthy behavior on one’s social/physical environment

  • realizing negative effect of behavior & positive impact of change on others

1-2

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13
Q

4) Processes of Change → Experiential

d) Social Liberation

A

Realizing that social norms are supportive of healthy behavior change

  • requires existing environmental opportunities that show society is supportive of healthy behavior change

1-2

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14
Q

4) Processes of Change → Experiential

e) Self Reevaluation

A

Realizing behavior change is important part of one’s identity (who they want to be)

  • cognitive & affective assessments of self-image with & without unhealthy behavior

Intervention: identify healthy role models, imagery

2-3

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15
Q

Process of Change → Behavioral (5)

A

a) Stimulus Control
b) Helping Relationships
c) Counter Conditioning
d) Reinforcement Management
e) Self Liberation

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16
Q

Process of Change → Behavioral

a) Stimulus Control

A

removing cues for unhealthy habits & adding prompts for healthier alternatives

  • changing environment to support healthy behavior

Intervention(s): provide recommendations

4-5

17
Q

Process of Change → Behavioral

b) Helping Relationships

A

Seeking & using social support for healthy behavior change

Intervention(s): buddy system, supportive calls, rapport building

3-5

18
Q

Process of Change → Behavioral

c) Counter Conditioning

A

learning healthier alternative behaviors & cognitions as substitutes for unhealthy behavior

3-5

19
Q

Process of Change → Behavioral

d) Reinforcement Management

A

Increase rewards for healthy behavior changes & decrease rewards for unhealthy behaviors

4-5

20
Q

Process of Change → Behavioral

e) Self Liberation

A

making firm commitment to change & beleiving that one can change

3-4

21
Q

Strategies (Processes of Change) most effective at which stages of change?

→ Experiential

a) Consciousness raising
b) Dramatic Relief
c) Environmental Reevaluation
d) Social Liberation
e) Self Reevaluation

A

a, b, c, d → 1-2

  • consciousness raising, dramatic relief, env reeval, social lib

e → 2-3

  • self-reeval
22
Q

Strategies (Processes of Change) most effective at which stages of change?

→ Behavioral

a) Stimulus Control
b) Helping Relationships
c) Counter Conditioning
d) Reinforcement Management
e) Self-Liberation

A

e → 3-4

b, c → 3-5

a, d → 4-5

23
Q

Stages of Change (5)

A

1) Pre-Contemplation
2) Contemplation
3) Preparation
4) Action
5) Maintenance

24
Q

1) Pre-Contemplation
* (4)

A

NO intention to change behavior

may be unaware they have a problem

may seek help

  • usually only if pressured by others or feel coerced into changing behavior

Poor targets for intervention

25
Q

2) Contemplation
* (3)

A

→ this stage can last years

aware problem exists but not yet committed to take action

still weighing pros & cons

those who decide to change behavior have typicially formed favorable expectations about ability to do so & rewards that will result (SE & outcome expectancies)

26
Q

3) Preparation
* (2)

A

individuals intend to change behavior but haven’t done so

may have already modifed target behavior but not yet committed to eliminate behavior completely

27
Q

4) Action
* (3)

A

stage in which individuals modify behavior to overcome problem

requires commitment of time & energy

includes stopping behavior & modifying lifestyle/environment to eliminate cues associated with unhealthy behavior

28
Q

5) Maintenance
* (2)

A

working to prevent relapse & consolidate gains made

In this phase if 6+ months free of addictive unhealthy behavior

29
Q

Stage Model conceptualized as a Spiral

  • explain?
A

because relapse is the rule rather than the exception

may cycle through stages several times before achieving long-term behavior change

30
Q

Application of TTM

A

TTM suggests that particular interventions are more valuable during certain stages in helping them move to next stage

#1 - Pre-contemplation: providing info about problem (consciousness raising)

#2 - Contemplation: induce assessment of feelings & thoughts about problem (dramatic relief)

#3 - Preparation: get people to make explicit commitment to when/how they will change behavior (self-liberation)

#4 - Action: self-reinforcement (reinforcement management), social support (helping relationships), stimulus control & coping skills (counter conditioning)

31
Q

Stages of Change → 1) Pre-Contemplation

  • Intervention Techniques (4)
A
  • validate lack of readiness
  • clarify: decision is theirs
  • encourage re-evaluation of current behavior & self-exploration
  • explain & personalize risk
32
Q

Stages of Change → 2) Contemplation

  • Intervention Techniques (4)
A
  • validate lack of readiness
  • clarify: decision is theirs
  • encourage evaluation of pros & cons of behavior change
  • identify & promote positive outcome expectations
33
Q

Stages of Change → 3) Preparation

  • Intervention Techniques (4)
A
  • identify & assist in problem-solving (obstacles)
  • help identify social support
  • verifyt individual has underlying skills for behavior change
  • encourage small initial steps
34
Q

Stages of Change → 4) Action

Intervention Techniques (3)

A

focus on restructuring cues & social support

strengthen SE for dealing with obstacles

resist feelings of loss & reiterate long-term benefits

KIN 370 (14 decks)

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