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KIN 370 > Social Cognitive Theory > Flashcards

Social Cognitive Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Overview of Social Cognitive Theory

  • origins
A

Prior to 1960 → classical & operant conditioning influenced published theories

  • Bandura argued they discounted influence of social variables

1962 - Bandura published article on social learning & imitation

  • (Social Learning Theory) → expands on traditional behaviorial theories in which behavior is governed primarily by reinforcements

paradigm shift in psych from focus on behavior to cognition

  • demonstrated learning through social modeling & competancies
  • & Walters → proposed learning could occur through modeling & vicarious reinforcement

1968 → published comprehensive framework for understanding social behavior → Social Cognitive Theory

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2
Q

1968 → Bandura published comprehensive framework for understanding human social behaviour

Social Learning Theory → Social Cognitive Theory (3)

A
  • viewed people as agent in control of their life
  • behavioral change is made possible by personal sense of control
  • people become more inclined/committed to decision if they believe they can take action
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3
Q

Reinforcement

  • significance
  • definition
A

primary construct in operant learning theory

  • works in unknown ways to affect behavior

DEF’N: response to behavior that ↑/↓ likelihood of reoccurance

(reward/punishment)

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4
Q

STC incorporates 3 types of reinforcement:

A

1) Direct
2) Vicarious
3) Self

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5
Q

1) Direct Reinforcement

A

in operant conditioning

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6
Q

2) Vicarious

A

observational learning

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7
Q

3) Self

A

self-control

  • thoughts/feelings you get something out of it
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8
Q

3 Types of Reinforcement are further categorized into? (2)

A

1) External Reinforcement
2) Internal Reinforcement

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9
Q

1) External Reinforcement

A

occurrence of an event or act that is known to have predictable reinforcement value

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10
Q

2) Internal Reinforcement

A

person’s own experience or perception that an event had some value

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11
Q

(2) Main Constructs of STC

A

1) self-efficacy
2) outcome expectancies

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12
Q

1) self-efficacy

A

belief in one’s capability to perform (& overcome barries to) specific action/behavior required to attain desired outcome

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13
Q

Bandura hypothesized that expectations of self-efficacy are ___-_____ cognitions that determine? (3)

A

self-regulatory

  • whether instrumental actions will be initiated
  • how much effort will be expended
    • how long it will be sustained in the face of obstacles & failures
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14
Q

Self-Efficacy Vs. Self-Confidence

A

Self-Confidence: nondescript term that refers to strength of belief but not necessarily specifying what certainty is about

  • tends to be situation-specific
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15
Q

SE influences? (3)

A

1) Behavior
2) Thought Patterns
3) Emotional Reactions

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16
Q

SE Influences:

1) Behavior
- 3 aspects

A

a) choice/selection
b) effort
c) persistance

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17
Q

1) Behavior →

a) choice/selection

A

a) expectations of personal mastery (SE) affect initiation & persistance of behavior

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18
Q

2) Thought Patterns (thinking)

A

High SE – attribute failure to insufficient effort

Low SE – attribute failure to deficient ability

19
Q

3) Emotional Rxns (feeling)

A

Low SE - dwell upon personal deficiencies & will perceive obstacles as more intimidating then they really are

20
Q

Sources of SE Expectations (4)

A
  1. performance accomplishments
  2. vicarious experiences
  3. verbal/social persuasion
  4. physiological state
21
Q

1) performance accomplishments
- influence on SE depends on?

A

most influential source

  • authentic
  • reciprocal relationship
  • influence on SE depends on: difficulty, effort expended, amount of guidance & early successes
22
Q

2) vicarious experiences

A

seeing/visualizing (imaging) others performing task without adverse consequences

depends on:

  • similarity of model
  • diversified modelling → performed by # of different models
23
Q

3) verbal/social persuasion
- effectiveness depends on? (5)

A

Convincing people they possess capabilities that enable them to accomplish goal

dependant on:

  1. Credibility
  2. Trustworthiness
  3. Expertise
  4. Prestige
  5. Experience
24
Q

4) Physiological State

A

increased physiological arousal indicates vulnerability to dysfunction

  • personal levels of fatigue, fitness, stress, pain to determine capabilities
25
Q

Dimensions of Self-Efficacy (3)

A

Efficacy expectations vary on several dimensions that have important performance implications:

1) Magnitude
2) Strength
3) Generality

26
Q

Dimensions of SE

1) Magnitude
2) Strength
3) Generality

A

1) level of task difficulty ones believes they are capable of executing
2) refers to judgement of magnitude (strong/weak)
3) limited to OR extending beyond particular situation

27
Q

2) Outcome Expectancies

A
  • concerned with people’s perception about possible consequences of actions
  • person’s estimate that given behavior will lead to certain outcomes
28
Q

(3) Dimensions of Consequences:

A

a) area of consequence
b) negative/positive
c) short/long term

29
Q

(3) Dimensions of Consequences:
a) area of consequence
* 3 aspects

A

a) physical outcome expectancies
b) social outcome expectancies
c) self-evaluative outcome expectancies

30
Q

a) physical outcome expectancies

A

anticipation of what will be experienced after behavior change

31
Q

b) social outcome expectancies

A

anticipated social responses to behavior change

32
Q

c) self-evaluative outcome expectancies

A

anticipation of experiences (internal standards)

  • i.e. feeling ashamed/proud
33
Q

Social Cognitive Theory - Triadic Model

Within STC, human behavior is explained in terms of …

A

..triadic, dynamic & reciprocal model in which behavior, personal factors & environmental influences all interact

34
Q

Triadic Reciprocal Determinism

A

theory (Bandura) that behavior influences & is influenced by personal factors & social environment

reciprocal determinism = continued interaction b/w these factors

35
Q

Triadic Reciprocal Determinism

a) behavior

- behavioral capability

A

behavioral capability:

concept that maintains knowledge of behavior & skill (how to perform it) are necessary to perform particular behavior

36
Q

Triadic Reciprocal Determinism

b) Environment

A

objective & external factors that can affect person’s behavior

  • social/physical
  • provides models for behavior → direct & vicarious reinforcement
37
Q

Triadic Reciprocal Determinism

b) environment
- situation

A

Objective & external factors

  • provides models

Situation: mental representation (perception) of environment that may affect one’s behavior

38
Q

Triadic Reciprocal Determinism

c) person

A

crucial personal factors such as ability to:

  • symbolize behaviour
  • anticipate outcomes
  • learn via observation
  • have confidence in performing behavior
  • self-determine/regulate behavior
  • reflect/analyze experience
39
Q

Interventions

A

may include strategies designed to:

  • ↑SE & ability to handle difficult situations that may arise during initiation/maintenance of behavior
  • educate about behavior & benefits of adopting it
40
Q

Goals

A

In adopting desired behavior, must first form a GOAL & then attempt to execute action

- self-incentives & guides to health behaviors

  • more specific = better
41
Q

SMART Goals

A

Specific

Measurable

Attainable

Realistic

Timely

42
Q

SMART Goals

  1. Specific
  2. Measurable
  3. Attainable
  4. Realistic
  5. Timely
A

2) establish concrete criteria to measure progress
4) goal represents objective one is willing & able to work towards
5) grounded within timeframe

43
Q

OE learned in (4) ways

A

1) previous experience
2) observing others
3) social persuasion
4) emotional arousal

KIN 370 (14 decks)

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