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Fundamental Planning Knowledge > Transportation Planning > Flashcards

Transportation Planning Flashcards

1
Q

Number of trips that a particular site is likely to generate.

Byproduct of land use AND intensity of use AKA factors that INDUCE travel demand.

Propoensity for trips also depends on characteristics of the journey, trip purpose, and socioeconomic characteristics of the traveler (income, age, auto ownership).

A

Trip Generation

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2
Q

This type of trip generation method uses a survey and sets up road blocks along major routes.

Cordon line = imaginery line between study area and non-study area.

Cars within cordon line can be stopped and asked about origin and destination.

A

Origin-Destination Survey

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3
Q

This type of model estimates trip generation based on land use type, purpose, or socioeconmic characterstics.

Become less valid with age (data loses accuracy).

Local surveys not always availailable due to time/money, instead, accepted/published rates are usable but may have erros and should be considered an estimate.

Ex.
1. 10 daily trip ends per 1,000 sq. ft. of general office space.
2. 9 daily trip ends per SFR.
3. 7 daily trip ends per apt.
4. 38 daily trip ends per 1,000 sq. ft. shopping center.
5. 5 daily trip ends per 1,000 sq. ft. of light industrial.

A

Cross Tabulation Methods

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4
Q

Phrase for the origin or destination point of a journey.

A

Trip End

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5
Q

Examines where people are going.

Divides an area into traffic zones and studie how many people travel between each zone and every other zone.

Obtains info on trip distance, time, cost, nature of the trip, socioeconomic characteristics, and nature of your transportation system/options.

A

Trip Generation

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6
Q

This model is used to provide trip estimates based on the proportional attractiveness of the zone AKA it’s ________ “pull” and, inversely, proportion to the trip length.

A

Gravity Model

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7
Q

Data gatherin on how people get places (form of transportation). Cars, transity, bikes, walking, etc.

Use datat to estimate how many vehicles need to get from one place to another.

A

Modal Split

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8
Q

This is the amount of daily traffic on a roadway in a 24-hour period, averaged over a year.

A

Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT)

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9
Q

The measure of hourly traffic during the peak period.

A

Peak Hour Volume

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10
Q

Peak hour volume during different seasons.

A

Seasonal Hour Volume

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11
Q

Capacity of a roadway to handle traffic.

A

Design Hour Volume (DHV)

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12
Q

Measure of vehicular mobility obtained rom travel inventories.

Function of many factors - topography, population density, travel distance betwen home and daily destinations, and availability of mass transit.

High ______ indicates more vehicles on the road to meet demands. Also means trip origins and destinations are getting farther apart and travel time and mileage goes up.

A

Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)

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13
Q

Road Design Notes

Functional classification system groups rights-of-way into classes/systems according to their character of service.

Local/residential = serves local uses only.
Collector = funnel traffic from local to arterial.
Arterial = major, minor, rural, and urban. Designed to carry large traffic volume.

Typical (but outdated) road standards…
1. 500-foot maximum tangents. Increae with speed.
2. Use of stop signs or speed bumps to reduce speeds.
3. 150 feet between intersections.
4. 75-foot clear sight distances.

Only 41% of U.S. roads are a “good ride”

Cul-de-sacs typically have 400-450 length and 40-foot radious bulbs.

Minimum road gradient is 0.5%. 5% in cold areas. 8% in mild areas.

A
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14
Q

Document published by the Transportation Research Board.

Provides concepts, guidelines, and procedures for computing highway capacity/quality of service based on road type.

A

Highway Capacity Manual

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15
Q

Metric that ranges from A to F.

A = free flowing traffic.
F = heavy traffic congestion w/ severely reduced traffic speeds.

A

Level of Service (LOS)

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16
Q

Legislation passed in 1944 by FDR.

65,000 KM (40,000 miles) of interstate highways proposed.

Highways (selected by state highway departments), authorized by highway system but no funding provided.

A

Federal-Aid Highway Act

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17
Q

Agency responsible for implementing the highway system.

Authorized $25 million for highway construction (1952). $175 million implemented (1954).

A

Public Roads Administration (PRA)

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18
Q

Major funding for federal highway construction.

$25 billion between 1957-1969.

A

Federal-Aid Highway Act (1956)

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19
Q

Legislation that enacted the Federal mandate for urban transportation planning in the U.S.

Requires transportation projects in urbanized areas (50,000+) be based on an urban transportation planning process.

Called for “continuing, comprehensive, and cooperative” planning process.

A

Federal-Aid Highway Act (1962)

20
Q

Transportation Policy Notes

  1. Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA)
  2. Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21).
  3. Transportation Equity Act 3 (TEA3).
  4. Safe, Accountable, Flexible, and Efficient Transportation Equity Act (SAFETEA).
  5. Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century (MAP-21).
A
21
Q

First long-term transportation funding bill passed since 2005.

Allows city planners to set their own street design standards for local federally funded projects.

Did not raise the gast tax to fund improvements. Last raised in 1993.

A

Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (FAST) 2015

22
Q

Agencies created to meet federal requirements for urban transportation planning.

Required by Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1962 for urban areas with more than 50,000 people. Also required by Bureau of Public Roads (1965).

These areas must adopt transportation plans in order to receive federal financial assitance for road construction.

A

Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO)

23
Q

This is the regional transportation plan required by the Federal Highway Administration.

This document lists all projects for which federal funds are anticipated, along with non-federall funded projects that are regionally significant.

Documents priorities of the region and is required by Federal law.

Multi-modal in addition to highway, public-transity, and freight projects.

Estimates costs and schedules by project phase (preliminary engineering, final design, right-of-way aquisition, and construction).

If the project is included, that means it is estimated to be completed during this document’s lifetime.

A

Transportation Improvement Program (TIP)

24
Q

General term used to describe strategies for the efficient use of transportation. Examples include…

  1. Car sharing, flextime, guaranteed ride home, public transit, park-and-ride, HOV lanes, telecommuting, commute trip reduction, and transit oriented development.
A

Transportation Demand Management (TDM)

25
Q

Programs that allow individuals to purchase/rent a membership to a car service.

Cars are located at fixed locations and a member reseserves to use.

Allows people to only pay as theyuse the vehicle.

A

Car Sharing

26
Q

Working arrangement that allows employees to work/commute at different times other than 8-5.

Reduces congestion on roadways during peak commute times.

A

Flextime

27
Q

This service provides commuters who regularly carpool/use transit with a reliable ride home if an emergency arises.

This is a backup transportation option.

A

Guanteed Ride Home

28
Q

Buses, light rail, heavy rail, streetcars, and trolleys.

A

Public Transit

29
Q

Lot that allows commtuers to go from their home to a designated parking lot where they can either ride public transit or carpool.

A

Park-and-Ride

30
Q

Vehicle lanes specifically for more than one person and car poolers.

Some states allow single-occupant vehicles so long as they’re electric, hybrid, etc.

Some states allow single-occupant vehicles if they pay a toll.

A

High-Occupancy Vehicle Lane (HOV) and High-Occupancy Toll Lane (HOT Lane)

31
Q

Work pattern that allows employees to work from home via internet or telehpone communications.

A

Telecommuting

32
Q

Transportation Demand Management tool that provides commuters with resoruces and incentives to reduce their vehicle trips, particularly during peak commute hours.

A

Commute Trip Reduction (CTR)

33
Q

Residential and commercial areas designed to encourage the use of public transportation.

Rail or bus station at center of community with high- or medium-density development surrounding with lower-densities as you go out.

Typical diameter of 1/4 - 1/2 mile (stations 1/2 - 1 mile apart). Pedestrian-scale distances.

Reduces VMT, increases alternative transit, and reduces emissions.

A

Transit Oriented Development (TOD)

34
Q

Process for using horizontal (ex. change in street alignment) and vertical (speed bumps) adjustment.

Goal is to reduce traffic speed/volume.

A

Traffic Calming

35
Q

Traffic calming method using a series of staggered curb extensions on alternating sides of the roadway.

Motorists reduce their speed by having ot maneuver along the roadway.

A

Chicane

36
Q

Traffic calming method that uses a curb extension in the middle of a block, which narrows the street width to restrict traffic speeds in both directions.

A

Choker

37
Q

Traffic calming method that fully or partially closes a road to one or all lanes of traffic as a means of increasing non-auto safety.

A

Full or Partial Closure

38
Q

Traffic calming method that changes a road’s alignment near an intersection.

Causes traffic to slow/curve before entering the non-straight intersection.

A

Realigned Intersections

39
Q

Traffic calming method that requires vehicles to circulate around a center island - good for small streets.

A

Roundabouts

40
Q

Traffic calming method that is a raised plane across a road. 3-4 inches tall.

Slows traffic through uncomfortable driving conditions (if too fast).

A

Speed Hump

41
Q

Traffic calming method that is larger than a speed hump.

Has a flat-top with textured side planes.

Long enough for the entire vehicle to rest on the flat section.

A

Speed Table

42
Q

Raised landscape islands located at the center of an intersection.

Vary in size.

Move traffic through an intersection while also slowing it down.

A

Traffic Circle

43
Q

What is the standard size of a parking space?

A

10 feet by 18 feet (approx. 180 sq. ft.)

44
Q

This is the hour of the day when most parking is needed for a particular use or development.

A

Peak Parking Demand

45
Q

A safe, accessible, and convenient street that everyone can use regardless of age, ability, or mode of transportation.

A

Complete Street

46
Q

A plan developed by community stakeholders to improve pedestrian safety.

Used by engineers, planners, law enforcement, and decision-makers who have the job of improving pedestrian safety at state/local levels.

A

Pedestrian Safety Action Plan

Fundamental Planning Knowledge (44 decks)

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