Hazard Mitigation and Resiliency Planning Flashcards
Any action taken to reduce/eliminate long-term risk to people and property from natural hazards.
Hazard Mitigation
The area around a home or structure that has been modified to reduce fire hazards. Natural and manmade fuels are treated, cleared, or reduced to slow the spread of fire.
Wildland Fire Defensible Space
Post-Diaster Reconstruction Notes
Per Haas, Kates, and Bowden (1977)
- Emergency period = initial hours/days following the diaster. Planners help cope with losses of lives/property.
- Restoration Period = emergency period until major urban service/transportation restored, evacuees returned, and rubble removed.
- Replacement reconstruction period = city rebuilds capital stock to pre-diaster levels. Social and economic activities return to previous levels.
- Commemorative, Betterment, and Developmental Reconstruction period = major reconstruction takes place. Future growth/development takes over.
Adjustment of human and natural ssytems in response to actual or expected effects of climate change.
Adaption
Any natural catastrophe, fire, flood, or explosion in the US which (per the President) causes sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant major disaster assistance under the Stafford Diaster Relief Act.
Major Disaster
Defined by the Staffard Relief Act as any occasion or isntance for which (per the President) Federal assistance is needed to supplement state and local efforts and capabilities to save lives and protect property and public health/safety and lessen/avert threat of catastophe in any part of the US.
Emergency
Actions taken to reduce/eliminate long-term risk tolife and property from natural hazards.
Hazard Mitigation
The concept of building environments that are safe for current and future generations - protecting buildings, infrastructure, and the natural environment from damage.
Safe Growth
Ability of a community to return to its original form after it has been changed from a natural distaster, economic shock, or other major event.
Resilience
Damage, of any origin, sustained by a structure whereby the cost of restoration equals or exceeds 50% of market value/replacement cost before damage occurred.
Substantial Damage
Any reconstruction, rehabilitation, or other improvements of a structure where the cost equals or exceeds 50% of the market value of the structure before the start of the improvement’s construction
Substantial Improvement
Hazard Mitigation Notes
Planners must prepare and routinely implement comprehensive plans goals and objectives that complement hazard mitigation tactics, raise awareness in the community, and engage stakeholders.
Best hazard mitigation is planning before a disaster via good land use restrictions (ex. coastal setbacks).
Hazard mitigation via regulations and planning are a valid police power.
Post disaster planning includes development moratorium, repair permits, demo regulations/permits, zoning for temporary housing, and eminent domain of diasaster-affected property.
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assitance Act notes
Grants FEMA authority to respond to a disaster.
Act outlines a state’s hazard mitigation plan.
1. Evaluate natural hazards in an area.
2. Discripe and analyze the state/local hazard management policies, programs, and capabilities.
3. Mitigation goals, objectives, proposed strategies to reduce/avoid long-term vulnerability.
4. Method of implementing, monitoring, evaluating, and updating mitigation plans annually.
Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 requires lcoal governments to prepare/adopt hazard mitigation plans.
Focus has shifted from preparation/response of/to diasasters to prevention of disasters. Proactive is better. FEMA approves plans.
NFIP notes
National Flood Insurance Act (1994) established National Flod Insurance Program.
Community Rating System (CRS) is voluntary incentive program that recognizes/encourages floodplain management strategies that exceeds the minimum NFIP requirements.
