Patterns of Human Development

Question 1

Developed by Ernest Burgess (1925)

Outward rings based on a land use’s distance from Downtown.

1 - Loop: CBD w/ gov., office, and commercial.
2 - Industrial Zone
3 - Transition zone: industry and low-income (previosly high-income).
4 - Middle-class zone: middle-class housing.
5 - Commuter zone: higher-income housing.

Lead to Bid Rent Curve theory: land use is determined by how much people will pay for the land, in turn, based on the profits they will receive from a business on that land. Ex. CBD is at the steep end of the bid rent curve.

Answer 1

Concentric Circle Theory

Question 2

Developed by Home Hoyt (1939)

Disagreed w/ Burgess’ model.

Argued land uses vary based on transportation routes.

City is NOT rings. City is series of sectors radiating out from center of City.

Answer 2

Sectory Theory

Question 3

Developed by Harris and Ullman (1945).

Cities develop series of specific land use nuclei.

Nucleus formed due to accessibility to natural resources, clustering of similar uses, land prices, adn the repelling power of land uses.

Answer 3

Multiple Nuclei Theory

Question 4

Developed by Walter Christaller (1933)

Explains size/spacing of cities.

Argues there is a minimum market threshold to bring a firm to a city and there is a maximum range of people who are willing to travel to receive goods and services.

Explains business hierarchy. Ex. nail salons on every block vs. large/specialty stores (one per metro).

Answer 4

Central Place Theory