Transport Systems in Plants Flashcards
Why do plants need water?
Photosynthesis
Transporting useful materials through the plant such as nitrates and minerals in water from soil
What vessel does water move through in plants?
Xylem vessels
How does water leave the plant?
Through pores called stomata in the underside of the leaf, this process is called transpiration
What is the advantage of root hairs?
They increase the surface area of the root and so increase the rate at which water can be absorbed from the soil
How does water move through the roots of a plant?
Water moves from the soil into the root hair by osmosis; then, by osmosis, between cells; then, by osmosis, into xylem where it moves into the stem
What are xylem vessels made of?
Dead cells which have no cell contents that are supported by rings of lignin
What is the top layer of cells in a leaf called?
Upper epidermis
What is the second layer of cells in a leaf called?
Palisade mesophyll
What is the third layer of cells in a leaf called?
Spongy mesophyll
What is the bottom layer of cells in a leaf called?
Lower epidermis
What are the cells called that control the opening of the stoma?
Guard cell
What are the pores called where water leaves the plant?
Stoma (stomata)
Factors affecting the rate of transpiration
Air humidity
Air temperature
Light intensity
How are the stomata opened?
When guard cells swell up due to water entering them by osmosis
How are the stomata closed?
When the guard cells shrink due to water leaving them by osmosis
How are sugars made in plants?
They are made in the leaves by photosynthesis
What are sugars transported by in plants?
Specialised cells Called phloem
What are phloem vessels made of?
Strands of cytoplasm
Sieve plates
Companion cells
What do the stands of cytoplasm in phloem vessels do?
Sugars are transported through them
What do the sieve plates in phloem vessels do?
They open and close the strands of cytoplasm in the phloem
What do the companion cells in phloem vessels do?
Control the sieve plates and so control the direction the sugars are moved through the plant
What vessel does water move through in plants?
Xylem vessels
How does water leave the plant?
Through pores called stomata in the underside of the leaf, this process is called transpiration
What is the advantage of root hairs?
They increase the surface area of the root and so increase the rate at which water can be absorbed from the soil
