Control And Communication Flashcards
Cerebellum
Controls balance and coordination
Medulla
Controls the automatic functions of the body
Ie heart rate and breathing
Cerebrum
Involved in
Memory
Conscious movements
Interpreting signals from senses
Communication
What forms the central nervous system?
Brain
Spinal cord
What does the CNS do?
Coordinates the functions of all the organs in the body so all the body systems work together to keep the individual healthy
Receptors
In the organs detect stimuli and covert them into electrical impulses
Stimuli
Changes in the organisms internal and external environment
Central nervous system
Processes and decides on an appropriate response to the changes which have been detached. CNS sends electrical impulses to the effector organ
Motor neurons
Carry the electrical impulses from the CNS to effector organs
Effector organs
Cause the appropriate response which allow the organism to adjust the changes detected
Reflex action
Protects body from harmful situations
Fast Involuntary response to harmful stimulus
Electrical impulses do not travel to the brain
Sensory neuron to relay neuron to motor neuron (this process is called the reflex arc)
Reflex action step 1
Body subjected to harmful stimulus
Receptors in sensory organs secrecy and send out electrical impulses
Reflex action step 2
Electrical impulses are carried along the sensory neurons to the spinal cord
Reflex action step 3
In spinal corn electrical impulse is passed from sensory neurons to relay neurons
Relay neurons carry electrical impulses through spinal cord and pass to motor neurons
Reflex action step 4
The electrical impulses are carried along the motor neurons to the muscles which are the effector organs
Reflex arc step 5
The impulse from motor neurons causes the muscles to contract moving the body away from the harmful stimulus
What is a synapse?
A small gap formed between the ends of two neurons
The signal is passed from one neuron to the next by chemicals called neurotransmitters
What is a hormone?
A chemical messenger made and released by endocrine glands
They are carried in the blood
They target tissue in an organ and cause a change in the way it works
Hormone specificity
Different target tissues have different hormone receptors
Different hormones have different structures
A hormone can only join onto (and have an effect on) tissues with the correct receptors
What is insulin?
A hormone released from the pancreas in response to high concentrations of glucose
It changes excess glucose into glycogen
What is glucagon?
A hormone released from the pancreas in response to low concentrations of glucose in the blood
It changes glycogen to glucose
How does it send comminations
Along neurones in the form of electrical impulses
