Transport Mechanisms (PASSIVE)

Question 1

is DIFFUSION of substance across membrane w/ no energy investment

Answer 1

Passive Transport

Question 2

Movement of molecules from areas with HIGH concentration to LOW concentration

Does not require energy

Answer 2

Diffusion

Question 3

In the absence of other forces, a substance will diffuse from where it is more concentrated to where it is less concentrated. (it will move down its concentration gradient)

Answer 3

Diffusion

Question 4

No work required: spontaneous because particles have KE and are in constant motion

Answer 4

Diffusion

Question 5

The _________ results from the unequal distribution of ions between intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid

Difference in the concentrations of the molecules in 2 areas

Answer 5

concentration gradient

Question 6

Particles are constantly moving, as they move they colliding

Answer 6

Kinetic theory

Question 7

Factors Affecting the Rate of Diffusion

Answer 7

Concentration gradient
Temperature
Mass of Particles
Solvent Properties (viscosity)

Question 8

The ______ the difference in concentration, the
______ the molecules will go down the concentration gradient, hence more _____ diffusion

Answer 8

greater, faster, rapid

Question 9

The closer the distribution of the material gets to equilibrium, the _____ the molecules will move and rate of diffusion ____.

Answer 9

slower, decreases

Question 10

3 types in concentration gradient

Answer 10

Simple diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion

Question 11

No member protein involved
Can easily cross
Molecules diffuse unassisted

ex:
Benzene is non polar

Answer 11

Simple diffusion

Question 12

Movement of molecules from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration

Both Solute and solvent mobe

Question 13

Movement of solvent (water)

Water (LOW to HIGH concentration)

Solute (HIGH to LOW concentration)

Answer 13

Osmosis

Question 14

is the movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules

Answer 14

Osmosis

Question 15

Movement of solvent across a semipermeable membrane from high to low solvent concentration

Only solvent moves

WATER FOLLOWS SOLUTE!

Answer 15

Osmosis

Question 16

Water uses ___ to move faster

Answer 16

aquaporins

Question 17

Uses carrier proteins and undergo confirmation changes (context/deals w/ solute)

Answer 17

Facilitate diffusion

Question 18

channel or carrier proteins that allow hydrophilic substances to cross membranes moving down their concentration gradients

Answer 18

Facilitated diffusion

Question 19

a kind of protein that is found embedded in the plasma membrane of a cell

interact with the solute to be transported much more weakly

Answer 19

Channel protein

Question 20

bind the specific solute to be transported and undergo a series of conformational changes to transfer the bound solute across the membrane

Answer 20

Carrier proteins

Question 21

True or False

In diffusion, nonpolar molecules diffuse easily (they are soluble to the hydrophobic side)

Answer 21

True. Nonpolar molecules do not interact with hydrophilic heads

Question 22

True or False

In diffusion, movement depends based on where the high concentration is

Answer 22

False. It should be in osmosis movement

Question 23

_________ increase the energy and therefore the
movement of the molecules, increasing the rate of diffusion.

Answer 23

Higher temperatures

Question 24

___________ decrease the energy of the molecules, thus decreasing the rate of diffusion.

Answer 24

Lower temperatures

Question 25

Heavier molecules move more slowly; therefore, they diffuse more slowly (they need greater force to change position). The reverse is true for lighter molecules.

Answer 25

Mass of particles

Question 26

Diffusion is significantly influenced by viscosity and density. The _______ the medium is, the harder it is for the given particle to diffuse through it. = diffusion rate would be lower

Answer 26

denser or viscous

Question 27

If the medium is ______, then the particles will be able to move more quickly and will diffuse faster.

Answer 27

less dense or less viscous

Question 28

Ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cel to gain or lose water

Answer 28

Tonicity

Question 29

Depends on: concentration of solutes that cannot cross membrane relative to the concentration of all solutes in cell

Answer 29

Tonicity