ATP

Question 1

What’s ATP stands for

Answer 1

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 2

often referred to as the energy currency of a cell as it can pick up energy and transfer that
energy to another chemical process.

Answer 2

ATP

Question 3

ATP Contains ?

Answer 3

sugar ribose
N-base adenine
chain of three phosphate group

Question 4

Responsible for mediating most energy coupling in cells

Answer 4

ATP

Question 5

it acts as the immediate source of energy that powers cellular work.

Answer 5

ATP

Question 6

One of the _______ used to make RNA

Answer 6

nucleoside triphosphates

Question 7

3 kinds of work of a cell

Answer 7

chemical work, transport work, and mechanical work

Question 8

These are possible through energy coupling, where the cells use an exergonic process to drive an endergonic reaction.

Answer 8

chemical work, transport work, and mechanical work

Question 9

synthesis of polymers from monomers (pushing of endergonic reactions)

Answer 9

Chemical work

Question 10

ATP phosphorylates key reactants, providing energy to drive energy absorbing chemical reactions

Answer 10

Chemical Work

Question 11

ATP phosphorylates transport proteins, activating them to transport solutes (ions) across cell membranes

Answer 11

Transport Work

Question 12

ATP phosphorylates contractile proteins in muscle cells so the cells can shorten

Answer 12

Mechanical Work

Question 13

pumping of substances across membranes (against the direction of spontaneous movement)

Answer 13

Transport work

Question 14

beating of cilia, contraction of muscles

Answer 14

Mechanical work

Question 15

The bond between phosphate groups can be broken down by _____.

Answer 15

Hydrolysis

Question 16

When the________ is broken down by the addition of a water molecule, a molecule of
inorganic phosphate (HOPO3-2) leaves the ATP.

Answer 16

terminal phosphate

Question 17

What happens during ATP Hydrolysis?

Answer 17

1. A lone pair of e- of oxygen in H2O will launch a nucleophilic attack on the phosphorus (of phosphate).
2. However, it needs to overcome the negative charges to get close to the POSITIVE CHARGES. It can be done with the help of ATPases.
3. ATPases surround the ATP molecule with positive ions and keep the negative ions busy.
4. Eventually the electrons can bond with terminal P and cleave the bond.
5. At the end of hydrolysis, ADP and inorganic phosphate (HOPO3-2) are formed.

Question 18

The energy released by ATP on losing a phosphate group is somewhat _____ than the energy most other molecules could deliver.

Answer 18

greater

Question 19

But why does this hydrolysis release so much energy?

Answer 19

If we reexamine the ATP molecule in Figure 8.9a, we can see that all three phosphate groups are negatively charged. These like charges are crowded together, and their mutual repulsion contributes to the instability of this region of the ATP molecule. The triphosphate tail of ATP is the chemical equivalent of a compressed spring.

Question 20

Electrostatic Repulsion

Answer 20

The adjacent negative charges repel each other. The molecule can achieve a lower energy state by hydrolysis, which allows the phosphate groups to separate from each other.

Question 21

Will it be a disadvantage for organisms to generate heat during ATP hydrolysis

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

To maintain the living conditions inside the cell, the energy released during ATP hydrolysis is used by____ to perform work: chemical, transport, and mechanical

Answer 22

proteins

Question 23

_____ of ATP leads to a change in the shape of the protein and in its ability to bind to another molecule.

Answer 23

Hydrolysis

Question 24

_____ (ADP to ATP) and ______ (ATP to ADP) promote crucial protein shape changes during important cellular process

Answer 24

Phosphorylation, dephosphorylation

Question 25

The use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one.

Answer 25

Reaction Coupling

Question 26

Two reactions are linked together with one providing the energy needed for the other to occur.

Answer 26

Reaction Coupling

Question 27

The linking often happens through a ______, meaning that a product of one reaction is “picked up” and used as a reactant in the second reaction.

Answer 27

shared intermediate

Question 28

The energy generated from one reaction is used to drive the second reaction. This is being done by?

Answer 28

phosphorylation

Question 29

ATP hydrolysis releases ____ kJ/mol

Answer 29

-30.5

Question 30

To synthesize sucrose from glucose and fructose,_____ kJ/mol* is required.

Answer 30

+ 27