Cell Cycle

Question 1

Sequence of phases in the life cycle of the cell

Answer 1

CELL CYCLE

Question 2

Longest event in the cycle
(G1, S, and G2 phases)

Answer 2

Interphase

Question 3

Cell GROWS and makes a new copy of DNA

Answer 3

Interphase

Question 4

packs enough nutrients for the new daughter cells

Answer 4

Interphase

Question 5

(Eukaryotic cell spends most of its life in the stage called)
The cell grows larger
Duplicates the organelles
Makes the molecular building blocks needed
for the succeeding steps
Creates nucleiotides
Intense metabolic activities

Answer 5

First Gap (G1)

Question 6

DNA replication and duplication of centrosomes occur

Answer 6

Synthesis Phase

Question 7

Cell grows continuously
Fills up the loss of energy during the S phase
Making more proteins
Continuously duplicating the organelles
Completing the preparations for the mitotic phase.

Answer 7

Second Gap (G2)

Question 8

Duplication division
Distribution of chromosomes into 2 daughter nuclei

Answer 8

M Phase

Question 9

Division of the cytoplasm producing 2 identically daughter cells

Answer 9

Cytokinesis

Question 10

Nuclear division in eukaryotes occurs by

Answer 10

Mitosis

Question 11

When cells are not dividing, their DNA exists as

Answer 11

Chromatin

Question 12

They are reproductive cells

Answer 12

Gametes

Question 13

When homologous chromosomes/sister chromatids don’t separate during meiosis

Answer 13

Nondisjunction

Question 14

Resting place/Non-diving state

Answer 14

G0 Phase

Question 15

Why do cells enter G0 phase?

Answer 15

Unfavorable environmental conditions (not enough nutrients & energy)

Waiting for signals to enter G1

Permanent state for some cells like nerve & cardiac muscle cells

Question 16

How long does a whole cell cycle take?

Answer 16

24 hours

Question 17

How long G1 Phase take?

Answer 17

5 to 6 hours

Question 18

How long S Phase take?

Answer 18

10 to 12 hours

Question 19

How long G2 Phase take?

Answer 19

4 to 6 hours

Question 20

How long does mitosis phase take?

Answer 20

greater than 1 hour

Question 21

Control System

Answer 21

Cyclin
CDK Complexes
p53

Question 22

Two types of regulatory proteins are involved in cell cycle control

Answer 22

cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases(Cdks)

Question 23

is a cyclin-Cdk complex that triggers a cell’s passage past the G2 checkpoint into the M phase

Answer 23

MPF (maturation-promoting factor)

Question 24

Undergo a constant cycle of synthesis

Answer 24

Cyclin

Question 25

An activating protein that binds to a kinase to form CDK complex

Answer 25

Cyclin

Question 26

degradation during cell division.

Answer 26

Cycline

Question 27

Activates or deactivates another protein by phosphorylating them

Answer 27

CDK complexes

Question 28

It gives the ‘ stop’ and ‘ go’ signal at the Gap 1 and Gap 2 checkpoints.

Answer 28

CDK Complexes

Question 29

What does CDK stands for?

Answer 29

Cyclin-dependent kinases

Question 30

Responsible for suppressing tumors, repairs the damaged DNA, and trigger apoptosis if the damaged is beyond repair

Answer 30

p53

Question 31

MPF meaning

Answer 31

Maturation-promoting factor

Question 32

APC/C

Answer 32

Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome

Question 33

PROCESS OF CONTROL SYSTEM

Answer 33

CDK - binds with CYCLIN - MPF Complexes - Initiates MITOSIS - activates APC/C - M CYCLIN is degraded - CDK

Question 34

Checkpoints

Answer 34

G1 G2 M Phase

Question 35

Among the 3 checkpoints, which seems to be the most important?

Answer 35

G1 Checkpoint REASON: If a cell receives a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint, it will usually complete the S, G2, and M phases and divide.If the cell does not receive the go-ahead signal, it will exit the cycle, switching into a nondividing state called the G0 phase

Question 36

FIRST GAP (G1) - Is the environment favorable? IF NOT:

Answer 36

- Delayed progress through G1 - Enter G0 (specialized resting phase) > Quiescent > Senescent Favorable but does not proceed to S phase - Cell differentiate

Question 37

A period of inactivity/dormancy

Answer 37

Quiescent

Question 38

Growing old; aging but still alive

Answer 38

Senescent

Question 39

SECOND GAP (G2) - Is the environment favorable? Is all DNA replicated? IF NOT?

Answer 39

- Delayed Mitosis

Question 40

M PHASE - Are all chromosomes attached to the spindle? IF NOT?

Answer 40

Halts Mitosis

Question 41

The division of the nucleus of the cell into 2 new nuclei

Answer 41

Karyokinesis

Question 42

TRUE OR FALSE? Sometimes cells go through mitosis without going through cytokinesis

Answer 42

TRUE