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Gen Biology > Transport Mechanisms (ACTIVE) > Flashcards

Transport Mechanisms (ACTIVE) Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A cell uses transport protein

Requires energy
- ATP
- Redox Energy
- Light energy

A

Active Transport

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2
Q

move a substance against its concentration gradient—from an area of lower
concentration to an area of higher concentration

A

Active Transport

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3
Q

process is similar to facilitated diffusion except it requires energy

A

Active Transport

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4
Q

allows cell to maintain concentration gradients

A

Active Transport

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5
Q

Moves molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration

A

Active transport

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6
Q

It is the difference in the electrical potential (voltage)
across the cell membrane.

cell uses it to control movement of all charged particles across plasma membrane

A

Membrane potential

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7
Q

Involves the use of carrier proteins called?

A

protein pumps

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8
Q

Direct hydrolysis of ATP

A

Primary active transport

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9
Q

Commonly uses energy in the form of ATP

Also uses redox & light/photon energy

Uses membrane proteins called pumps

A

Primary active transport

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10
Q

carries sodium and potassium ions

A

Na+- K+ ATPase

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11
Q

carries hydrogen and potassium ions

A

H+-K+ ATPase

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12
Q

carries calcium ions only

A

Ca2+ ATPase

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13
Q

carries hydrogen ions only

A

H+ ATPase

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14
Q

Uses energy from the electrochemical gradient

also called Cotransport

A

Secondary Active Transport

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15
Q

a substance that has been pumped against its concentration gradient holds potential energy

A

Cotransport

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16
Q

3 types of mechanism where secondary active transport can work

All of these transporters can also transport small, uncharged organic molecules like glucose.

They can be
present in facilitated diffusion but do not require energy.

A

Symporter
Antiporter
Uniporter

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17
Q

transport two molecules or ions in the same direction

A

Symporter

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18
Q

transports two molecules or ions in the opposite directions

A

Antiporter

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19
Q

transports a single type of molecule or ion

A

Uniporter

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20
Q

An _________ is present whenever there is a net separation of
charges in space.

A

electrical potential difference

21
Q

the cell membrane separates the positive and the negative charges, with the inside of the cell holding more ______ charges compared to the outside.

A

negative

22
Q

It uses energy released in ATP hydrolysis to move sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell and potassium (K+) into the cell. The process costs energy because both types of ions are moving from where they are less concentrated to where they are more concentrated.

A

Sodium-Potassium Pump

23
Q

used by large macromolecules or large volumes of smaller molecules

  • exocytosis
  • endocytosis
A

Bulk Transport

24
Q

It is the process of expulsion of materials from the cell with the help of a carrier vesicle

A

Exocytosis

25
Q

It is a process whereby the cells absorb materials from outside by engulfing them.

3 types
- PHAGOCYTOSIS
- PINOCYTOSIS
- RECEPTOR-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS

A

Endocytosis

26
Q

“cell-eating”

Observe in immune cells (phagocytes, macrophage, neutrophil, WBC)

Eat pathogens & tissue debriss

A

Phagocytosis

27
Q

Can be observe in amoeba/protozoa & paramelium for ingestion

A

Phagocytosis

28
Q

wraps pseudopods around substance creating a membranous sac = food vacuole —> lysosome to be digested

A

Phagocytosis

29
Q

a process wherein a cell binds to the item it wants to engulf on the cell surface and draws the item inward while engulfing around it.

A

Phagocytosis

30
Q

cell-drinking & nonspecific & MOST COMMON !!!!!

A

Pinocytosis

31
Q

cell takes “gulps” of ECF for solutes

A

Pinocytosis

32
Q

Occurs in cells living in the small intestine

A

Pinocytosis

33
Q

refers to the uptake of extracellular fluids and dissolved solutes, such as fat droplets, vitamins, and antigens.

A

Pinocytosis

34
Q

Allows cells to take in specifically what it needs

A

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

35
Q

receptor proteins with ligands in place cluster together into “_____” (on cytoplasmic side)

A

coated pits

36
Q

specific ligands bind to specific membrane proteins

A

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

37
Q

VERY SPECIFIC MOLECULE

A

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

38
Q

A process by which specialized cells, known as phagocytes, engulf, and dispose of large,
solid particles such as dead cells and bacteria or viruses, helping to protect the body from
invading microbes.

A

Phagocytosis

39
Q

It is a specific form of endocytosis, resulting only in the ingestion of much
larger solid particles that have not previously been broken down.

A

Phagocytosis

40
Q

examples of phagocytes

A

Macrophages and neutrophils

41
Q

A highly selective form of endocytosis that begins when receptors on a cell’s surface bind
specific substances, triggering the plasma membrane to form a vesicle around them, drawing
them into the cell.

A

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

42
Q

Examples Vitamins, antibodies, hormones, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and the iron-
transporter, known as transferrin, are all substances taken up into cells

A

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

43
Q

Also known as bulk-phase endocytosis

A

Pinocytosis

44
Q

is carried out by most cells of the
body. It is the process by which small amounts of extracellular fluid along with any dissolved
solutes are taken up into the cell.

A

pinocytosis

45
Q

is a non-specific process, where all solutes within the extracellular fluid are transported.

A

pinocytosis

46
Q

include cells of the kidney, epithelial cells of the intestines, cells of the liver, and capillary epithelial cells.

A

pinocytosis

47
Q

Every cell in the body actively removes certain materials by _____; however, it is particularly integral to the functioning of certain cells, such as secretory cells, which secrete their products
by _____, and neurons, which secrete neurotransmitters by _____.

A

exocytosis

48
Q

Membrane-bound
vesicles form inside the cell, usually in the Golgi complex, and the product containing vesicles
then moves towards the plasma membrane, with which they fuse, releasing their contents into
the extracellular fluid.

A

exocytosis

49
Q

include the secretion of neurotransmitters, hormones, mucus, and
digestive enzymes.

A

exocytosis

Gen Biology (9 decks)

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